Designing Dry Swales for Stormwater Quality Improvement Using the Aberdeen Equation

Hunt, William F.; Fassman‐Beck, Elizabeth; Ekka, S. A.; Shaneyfelt, K. C.; Deletić, Ana

doi:10.1061/jswbay.0000886

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A notable exception is a study by Deletic (2001), who found that a trapping‐rate‐based model could provide a reasonable fit to experimental data of sediment trapping on impermeable‐bed grass strips (Deletic, 2001). Their formulation came to be known as the Aberdeen model, and has since been applied in several related studies (Akan & Atabay, 2017; Cui et al, 2008; Deletic & Fletcher, 2006; Hunt et al, 2020; Winston et al, 2017). A recent review by Gavrić et al (2019) of existing sediment transport formulations model notes, ‘generally valid and applicable quantitative descriptions of the underlying processes are still missing’ and the formulations that do exist, like the Aberdeen model, are based on empirical curve fitting, leading to uncertainty when considering cases not encompassed by the experiments on which they were based (Gavrić et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment deposition characteristics in shallow saturation excess overland flow for urban Stormwater applications

Wells

Wilson

2022

Hydrological Processes

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Over the last several decades, urban stormwater management has grown to include green infrastructure, such as bioswales. However, little is known about the fate of particulate contaminants after depositing in bioswales and similar systems, in part due to limited understanding of sediment transport dynamics in the shallow (water depths comparable to bed roughness height), near‐saturated flow conditions typical of such systems. To better understand the sediment deposition characteristics, a flume study was performed with natural sediment and flow characteristics similar to those encountered in bioswales. A fluorescent, paramagnetic sediment tracer was used to mimic silt sized particles carried by stormwater flows, and a photographic hood was used to image the tracers deposited on the flume surface after subsequent pulses of tracer slurry, where the image intensity was established to be a reliable proxy for surface tracer concentration. These data were analysed to calculate the sediment trapping efficiency, that is, the rate of sediment deposition onto the soil surface per unit time, and samples of the flume effluent were collected to provide an independent mass balance of the deposited tracer. Experimentally determined sediment trapping efficiencies were found to decrease with increasing bed slope angle, which indicates soils at greater bed slopes will be less capable of retaining particulate‐associated contaminants, and were found to decrease over time as the soil surface became saturated with fine particles. These trapping efficiencies were also compared with mathematical models from the literature, augmented with a formula representing the observed surface‐saturation effect. The results of this study can lead to the development of more realistic models for predicting the removal performance of current stormwater remediation designs in regard to fine sediment associated contaminants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment deposition characteristics in shallow saturation excess overland flow for urban Stormwater applications

Wells

Wilson

2022

Hydrological Processes

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“…Key assumptions are that the media would reach or approach saturation before water discharges from the system, and free discharge occurs once the runoff reaches the underdrain. Alternatively, Hunt, Fassman‐Beck, Ekka, Shaneyfelt, and Deletic (2019) suggest that flow‐through GI technologies such as vegetated and bio‐swales should be designed based on rainfall intensity, rather than a design volume. Based on the literature, it is hypothesized that the discharge lag from the bioretention flow‐through planters is based on the relative moisture content of the media before rainfall, the maximum moisture stored under saturated conditions, the temporal distribution of inflow, and how much water enters the system in a given storm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are documented water quality benefits (Brown & Hunt, 2011) and many empirical studies documenting GI retention and peak discharge delay performance (Davis, 2008; Davis, et al, 2012; Lucas, 2010; Voyde, Fassman, & Simcock, 2010). Many studies focus on the peak discharge delay and the potential benefit in reducing the load for wastewater treatment (Davis, 2008; Davis et al, 2012; Hunt, et al, 2019). The potential benefit of delaying the discharge in areas served by combined sewer systems is postponing the outflow until the hydraulic load across the sewershed is reduced to a level within the system capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioretention planter performance measured by lag and capture

Nissen

Borst

Fassman‐Beck

2020

Hydrological Processes

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Bioretention flow-through planters manage stormwater with smaller space requirements or structural constraints associated with other forms of green infrastructure. This project monitored the hydrology of four bioretention planters at Stevens Institute of Technology to evaluate the system's ability to delay runoff and fully capture small rain events. The water depth in the outflow and the volumetric water content near the inflow were measured continuously over 15 months. Rainfall characteristics were documented from an on-site rain gauge. This monitoring determined the time from the start of a rain event to the onset of outflow from each planter, which was defined as the lag. The initial moisture deficit (difference between pre-event volumetric water content and maximum measured volumetric water content), approximate runoff volume, and approximate runoff volume in the first half hour were analysed to determine their effect on runoff capture and lag. During the monitoring period, 38% of observations did not produce measurable outflow. Logistic regression determined that the initial moisture deficit and approximate runoff volume were statistically significant in contributing to a fully captured storm. Despite the large hydraulic loading rate and concrete bottom, the planters demonstrate effective discharge lag, ranging from 5 to 1,841 min with a median of 77.5 min. Volumetric water content of the media and inlet runoff volume in the first half hour were significant in modelling the lag duration. These results represent a combination of controllable and uncontrollable aspects of green infrastructure: media design and rainfall.

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Swales, Filter Strips, and Level Spreaders

2022

Green Stormwater Infrastructure Fundamentals and Design

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Designing Dry Swales for Stormwater Quality Improvement Using the Aberdeen Equation

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Sediment deposition characteristics in shallow saturation excess overland flow for urban Stormwater applications

Sediment deposition characteristics in shallow saturation excess overland flow for urban Stormwater applications

Bioretention planter performance measured by lag and capture

Swales, Filter Strips, and Level Spreaders

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