Designing B‐ and T‐cell multi‐epitope based subunit vaccine using immunoinformatics approach to control Zika virus infection

Abstract

The Zika virus is a rapidly spreading Aedes mosquito-borne sickness, which creates an unanticipated linkage birth deformity and neurological turmoil.This study represents the use of the combinatorial immunoinformatics approach to develop a multiepitope subunit vaccine using the structural and nonstructural proteins of the Zika virus. The designed subunit vaccine consists of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and helper T-lymphocyte epitopes accompanied by suitable adjuvant and linkers. The presence of humoral immune response specific B-cell epitopes was also confirmed by B-cell epitope mapping among vaccine protein. Further, the vaccine protein was characterized for its allergenicity, antigenicity, and physiochemical parameters and found to be safe and immunogenic. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies of the vaccine protein with the toll-like receptor-3 were performed to ensure the binding affinity and stability of their complex. Finally, in silico cloning was performed for the effective expression of vaccine construct in the microbial system (Escherichia coli K12 strain). Aforementioned approaches result in the multiepitope subunit vaccine which may have the ability to induce cellular as well as humoral immune response. Moreover, this study needs the experimental validation to prove the immunogenic and protective behavior of the developed subunit vaccine. K E Y W O R D S adjuvant, epitope, subunit vaccine, vaccine, Zika virus (ZKV)

Excavating SARS‐coronavirus 2 genome for epitope‐based subunit vaccine synthesis using immunoinformatics approach

“…The amino acid sequence of the finalized vaccine model was further subjected to in silico immune simulations, revealing that it Epstein-Barr virus (Ojha et al, 2019), Zika virus (Kumar Pandey, Ojha, Mishra, & Kumar Prajapati, 2018), cytomegalovirus (Chauhan & Singh, 2020), human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (Pandey et al, 2019), Ebola virus (Bazhan et al, 2019), and so forth.…”

Multiepitope-Based Subunit Vaccine Design and Evaluation against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Using Reverse Vaccinology Approach

“…To prepare a feasible subunit vaccine, different antigenic determinants must be selected, and adjuvants should be added to increase efficiency. It will help to nudge the immune-system and improve immune responses in the host [16]. Prediction of potential epitopes and the development of multiepitope-based subunit vaccine (MEV) construct that could trigger cell-mediated as well as humoral immunity response, becomes a new footpath with technology and bioinformatics advances [16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…It will help to nudge the immune-system and improve immune responses in the host [16]. Prediction of potential epitopes and the development of multiepitope-based subunit vaccine (MEV) construct that could trigger cell-mediated as well as humoral immunity response, becomes a new footpath with technology and bioinformatics advances [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Besides, Sub-unit vaccines have the significant potential to overcome challenges associated with RSV vaccine development as, they can be used for maternal immunization, they established from different antigenic epitopes thus they have rare chance to cause vaccine-enhanced illness, and they are also effective for elderly immunization [13,[23][24][25][26][27]].…”

Combinatorial screening algorithm to engineer multiepitope subunit vaccine targeting human T‐lymphotropic virus‐1 infection

“…Human B cell receptor can recognize the epitope with a length of 10-23 amino acids followed by the generation of plasma and memory Bcells. The plasma B-cell is responsible for the antibody production during primary infection and the memory B-cell generates antibody during secondary infection (Pandey, Ali, Ojha, Bhatt, & Prajapati, 2018;Pandey, Ojha, Mishra, & Prajapati, 2018). Likewise, the server obtains the B-cell epitopes from B cell epitopes database; it removes the identical and nonimmunogenic epitopes.…”