Designing Asian-Sized Hand Model for Sar Determination at Gsm900/1800: Simulation Part

Ronald, S.H.; Malek, Mohd Fareq Abdul; Hassan, Syed Idris Syed; Cheng, E. M.; Mat, M.H.; Zulkefli, M.S.; Maharimi, Siti Fazlina

doi:10.2528/pier12050304

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The simulated results are obtained using the full-wave electromagnetic field simulation software HFSS version [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In Figure 4(a), the simulated return loss (1000-2200 MHz) is presented when cited resonant effects on simulated return loss are shown (5.1-6.0 GHz, WLAN 11a).…”

Section: Antenna Design and Parametric Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Quad-Band (Gsm850 to Ieee 802.11A) Pifa for Mobile Handset

Li¹,

Pan²,

Yang³

et al. 2013

PIER

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Section: Antenna Design and Parametric Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Quad-Band (Gsm850 to Ieee 802.11A) Pifa for Mobile Handset

Li¹,

Pan²,

Yang³

et al. 2013

PIER

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“…In the analysis of the characteristics of radiation in the range of 150 MHz to 1.2 GHz from inside the human body done by [23], it was suggested that frequencies between 450 MHz and 900 MHz provided maximum radiation from the ingested RF source. Using the human body model [24][25][26][27][28][29] in our previous work [10], we conducted an extensive investigation of the variation of path loss in the human body in terms of system frequency and variation of the location of the capsule. A summary of the results of our investigation are shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Frequency Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel, High-Speed Image Transmitter for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

Basar¹,

Malek²,

Saleh³

et al. 2013

PIER

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Abstract-Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) was developed as a painless diagnostic tool for endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but, to date, the low operating power of the capsule and the high data rate of the RF telemetry system are still key concerns. Innovative, novel solutions must be developed to address these concerns before WCE can be used extensively in clinical applications. In this paper, we propose a novel RF transmitter for WCE applications that only requires 1.5 V to transmit the required data as opposed to using a DC power supply. Our proposed, directconversion transmitter system consists of a current reuse oscillator, an envelope filter, and an L-section matching network. The oscillator is powered by the transmitting data which keep the oscillator in turned on and off for the transmitting 1 and 0 bit respectively and results in the on-off keying (OOK) of the modulated signal at the output of the oscillator. The rate of data transmission at the modulated signal is limited by the transient period of the oscillator start-up. When the start-up time of the oscillator is optimized, an OOK modulation rate of 100 Mb/s can be attained. In order to eliminate the oscillator decay noise, we used an envelope filter connected in series with the oscillator to filter out the decay part of the oscillation. Finally, the output impedance of the envelope filter is matched to the 50-Ω antenna with an L-section, low-pass, matching network to ensure maximum

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“…However, this model only can provide a rough estimate of the path loss, which limits it applicability because more accurate estimates of path loss are required for simulations using the digital body model [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of a Human Body Model to Determine the Variation of Path Losses in the Human Body Channel in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

Basar¹,

Malek²,

Juni³

et al. 2013

PIER

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Abstract-Presently, wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is the sole technology for inspecting the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract for diseases painlessly and in a non-invasive way. For the further development of WCE, the main concern is the development of a highspeed telemetry system that is capable of transmitting high-resolution images at a higher frame rate, which is also a concern in the use of conventional endoscopy. A vital task for such a high-speed telemetry system is to be able to determine the path loss and how it varies in a radio channel in order to calculate the proper link budget. The hostile nature of the human body's channel and the complex anatomical structure of the GI tract cause remarkable variations in path loss at different frequencies of the system as well as at capsule locations that have high impacts on the calculation of the link budget. This paper presents the path loss and its variation in terms of system frequency and location of the capsule. Along with the guideline about the optimum system frequency for WCE, we present the difference between the maximum and minimum path loss at different anatomical regions, which is the most important information in the link-margin setup for highly efficient telemetry systems in next-generation capsules. In order to investigate the path loss in the body's channel, a heterogeneous human body model was used, which is more comparable to the human body than a homogenous model. The finite integration technique (FIT) in Computer Simulation Technology's (CST's) Microwave Studio was used in the simulation. The path loss was analyzed in the frequency range of 100 MHz to 2450 MHz. The path loss was found to be saliently lower at frequencies below 900 MHz. The smallest loss was found around the frequency of 450 MHz, where the variation of path loss throughout the GI tract was 29 dB, with a minimum of −9 dB and a maximum of −38 dB. However, at 900 MHz, this variation was observed to be 38 dB, with a minimum of −10 dB and a maximum of −48 dB. For most positions of the capsule, the path loss increased rapidly after 900 MHz, reaching its peak at frequencies in the range of 1800 MHz to 2100 MHz. During examination of the lower esophageal region, the maximum peak observed was −84 dB at a frequency of 1760 MHz. The path loss was comparatively higher during examination of anatomically-complex regions, such as the upper intestine and the lower esophagus as compared to the less complex stomach and upper esophagus areas.

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Designing Asian-Sized Hand Model for Sar Determination at Gsm900/1800: Simulation Part

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

A Novel Quad-Band (Gsm850 to Ieee 802.11A) Pifa for Mobile Handset

A Novel Quad-Band (Gsm850 to Ieee 802.11A) Pifa for Mobile Handset

A Novel, High-Speed Image Transmitter for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

The Use of a Human Body Model to Determine the Variation of Path Losses in the Human Body Channel in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

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