Designing and Using a High School Cardio Room

Energy expenditure, oxygen consumption, and heart rate while exercising on seven different indoor cardio machines at maximum and self-selected submaximal intensity

“…The results showed that the TMILL induced higher HR levels, followed by the STAIR, ELLIP, s_BIKE, u_BIKE, ROW, and r_BIKE. Similar results were recorded for EE and V02, with the exception that at MAX INT, there were no significant differences in EE and VO2 between ROW, r_BIKE, and u_BIKE, and at RPE 17, no Based on the results obtained in the present study, we consider that the higher HR, VO2, and EE induced by the TMILL compared to the other indoor machines is because it is a high-impact exercise that activates numerous muscle groups, including large muscles such as rectus and biceps femoris, which implies a higher metabolic and cardiovascular demand (13,47,48). Similarly, another potential explanation for the elevated HR, VO2, and EE on the TMILL may be that, unlike the STAIR and the ELLIP, the performer's movement is not restricted by a predetermined route that externally influences stride frequency and length.…”

“…Based on the results obtained in the present study, we consider that the higher HR, VO2, and EE induced by the TMILL compared to the other indoor machines is because it is a high-impact exercise that activates numerous muscle groups, including large muscles such as rectus and biceps femoris, which implies a higher metabolic and cardiovascular demand ( 13 , 47 , 48 ). Similarly, another potential explanation for the elevated HR, VO2, and EE on the TMILL may be that, unlike the STAIR and the ELLIP, the performer's movement is not restricted by a predetermined route that externally influences stride frequency and length.…”

“…Another possible reason why ELLIP yielded lower HR, VO2, and EE values than TMILL and STAIR is that on the ELLIP, the hip flexor and extensor muscles (i.e., gluteus maximus, tensor fascia latae) are preferentially utilized (49), whereas on the TMILL and STAIR, the knee flexors and extensors (i.e., quadriceps and hamstrings), which are larger, which are larger and effectively stimulated by the movement parameters of the exercise devices (47,50). Moreover, it is conceivable that the elliptical induced higher HR, VO2, and EE values than the three bicycles and the ROW used in the present study due to the simultaneous use of arms and legs on the ELLIP (unlike the bikes) and because the standing position requires greater physical exertion (18,(47)(48)(49). In turn, we consider that s_BIKE produced higher HR, VO2, and EE levels than u_BIKE and r_BIKE because spin bikes are designed to simulate the position and real cycling conditions of roads bike and have various adjustments to achieve an optimal posture to apply force (48).…”

“…This aspect, together with the fact that applying force in the vertical vector is harder than in the horizontal vector, could be the reasons why the STAIR elicited higher HR, VO2, and EE than the ELLIP ( 48 ), despite the STAIR used in this research does not have movable handles for the arms, (which implies less energy expenditure) ( 48 ). Another possible reason why ELLIP yielded lower HR, VO2, and EE values than TMILL and STAIR is that on the ELLIP, the hip flexor and extensor muscles (i.e., gluteus maximus, tensor fascia latae) are preferentially utilized ( 49 ), whereas on the TMILL and STAIR, the knee flexors and extensors (i.e., quadriceps and hamstrings), which are larger, which are larger and effectively stimulated by the movement parameters of the exercise devices ( 47 , 50 ).…”

Towards a Home-based Virtual Reality Game System to Promote Exercise

“…The aim of these systems is to improve engagement and make the process of using an exercise bike or a spin machine more enjoyable. The Expresso [16], similar to our system, is meant to enhance the user's workout by presenting a virtual world the user can bike in. The main difference is that our system utilizes VR with an Oculus Rift [17], whereas their product is a bike with a screen attached to it.…”