We
designed bifunctional 4-pyrrolidinopyridines as powerful Lewis
base catalysts. The catalyst structure features a 4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine-1-formyl
group at the pyridine’s C3 site and a chiral side arm at the
C2 position of the p-pyrrolidine ring. An operationally
simple three-step synthetic route allows for efficient and economical
catalyst preparation. In comparison with other Lewis bases, the catalyst
exhibits excellent efficiency and stereoselectivity in the asymmetric
(3 + 2) cycloaddition of allylic N-ylide generated in situ from a pyrazolone-derived Morita–Baylis–Hillman
carbonate, providing a powerful platform for the construction of chiral
spiropyrazolone derivatives. The reaction mechanism was thoroughly
studied. Control experiments and DFT calculations illustrated the
origin of the chemoselectivity and the stereocontrol model. H-bonding
is crucial for the control of enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity.
The catalyst was also successfully applied in other reactions, such
as an acylative dynamic kinetic resolution to synthesize a chiral
phthalidyl ester, including the prodrug Talmetacin.