Designing an offshore geophysical network in the Pacific Northwest for earthquake and tsunami early warning and hazard research

Wilcock, William S. D.; Schmidt, D. A.; Vidale, John E.; Harrington, Michael; Bodin, Paul; Cram, G.; Delaney, John R.; González, F. I.; Kelley, Deborah S.; LeVeque, Randall J.; Manalang, Dana; McGuire, C.; Roland, E. C.; Stoermer, Mark; Tilley, J.; Vogl, Christopher J.

doi:10.1109/oceans.2016.7761291

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…However, the energy released by the earthquake often is not a sufficient predictor of the tsunami intensity, which may lead to inaccurate early warnings and false alarms (V. Titov et al, 2016;Katsumata et al, 2021). For this reason, the basic sensor package for earthquake and tsunami early warning is a seismometer/accelerometer to detect ground shaking and a pressure gauge to detect tsunami waves (Wilcock et al, 2016). An effective system should use local wave measurements to characterize the tsunami and to allow the detection of tsunamis from other sources such as submarine landslides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards tsunami early-warning with Distributed Acoustic Sensing: Expected seafloor strains induced by tsunamis

Becerril,

Sladen,

Ampuero

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Tsunami wave observations far from the coast remain challenging due to the logistics and cost of deploying and operating offshore instrumentation on a long-term basis with sufficient spatial coverage and density. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) on submarine fiber optic cables now enables real-time seafloor strain observations over distances exceeding 100 km at a relatively low cost. Here, we evaluate the potential contribution of DAS to tsunami warning by assessing theoretically the sensitivity required by a DAS instrument to record tsunami waves. Our analysis includes signals due to two effects induced by the hydrostatic pressure perturbations arising from tsunami waves: the Poisson’s effect of the submarine cable and the compliance effect of the seafloor. It also includes the effect of seafloor shear stresses and temperature transients induced by the horizontal fluid flow associated with tsunami waves. The analysis is supported by fully coupled 3-D physics-based simulations of earthquake rupture, seismo-acoustic waves and tsunami wave propagation. The strains from seismo-acoustic waves and static deformation near the earthquake source are orders of magnitude larger than the tsunami strain signal. We illustrate a data processing procedure to discern the tsunami signal. With enhanced low-frequency sensitivity on DAS interrogators (strain sensitivity ≈ 2×10 at mHz frequencies), we find that, on seafloor cables located above or near the earthquake source area, tsunamis are expected to be observable with a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio within a few minutes of the earthquake onset. These encouraging results pave the way towards faster tsunami warning enabled by seafloor DAS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards tsunami early-warning with Distributed Acoustic Sensing: Expected seafloor strains induced by tsunamis

Becerril,

Sladen,

Ampuero

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The benefits of better scientific understanding of the Cascadia Subduction Zone are also taken into consideration. An overview was given at the Oceans '16 meeting [59] and a white paper summarizing many findings and recommendations is currently in preparation, based in part on discussions at a workshop held in April, 2017 [53]. This paper contains a brief summary of some of the issues related to the development of better tsunami early warning systems for offshore Cascadia events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Warning System for Inbound Tsunamis from the Cascadia Subduction Zone

LeVeque

Bodin

Cram

et al. 2018

OCEANS 2018 MTS/IEEE Charleston

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Real-time tsunami warning in the nearfield is considerably more difficult than producing warnings for distant events. Although in some cases strong shaking will provide the only warning, there are several situations in which better early tsunami warning systems could be critical. We discuss some of the issues that arise, particularly the difficulty of interpreting ocean bottom pressure recordings in the near source region, and make some recommendations for future research and first steps toward a better warning system for the Pacific Northwest.

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Designing an offshore geophysical network in the Pacific Northwest for earthquake and tsunami early warning and hazard research

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Towards tsunami early-warning with Distributed Acoustic Sensing: Expected seafloor strains induced by tsunamis

Towards tsunami early-warning with Distributed Acoustic Sensing: Expected seafloor strains induced by tsunamis

Developing a Warning System for Inbound Tsunamis from the Cascadia Subduction Zone

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