Designing an antibacterial acrylic resin using the cosolvent method —Effect of ethanol on the optical and mechanical properties of a cold-cure acrylic resin

Abstract

Antimicrobial cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) has low miscibility with acrylic resin monomer but can be homogeneously mixed using ethanol as a cosolvent. This study investigated the effects of ethanol addition on the properties of a cold-cure acrylic resin. Ethanol was an excellent cosolvent for CPC and methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA), but the cured resin exhibited a strong change in coloration to yellow (ΔE*ab>8) and a drastically reduced bending strength (from 97 to 25 MPa) and elastic modulus (from 2.7 to 0.6 GPa) when equal volumes of ethanol and monomer were used together, possibly due to the solvation and deactivation of radicals by ethanol. However, these unfavorable effects diminished when the ethanol/MMA ratio was reduced to 0.25, and became smaller when each specimen was depressurized and excess ethanol was removed. Thus, it may be possible to develop a molecularly uniform antibacterial acrylic resin with acceptable color and strength using this simple technique.

Understanding the Mechanical, Surface, and Color Behavior of Oral Bioactive Prosthetic Polymers under Biodegradation Processes

“…It should also be emphasized that chemical aging using an artificial saliva medium leads to a more evident color change than aging using just water [58][59][60]. These conclusions follow a previous study with soft lining materials [61,62], where the authors stated that a complex solution such as artificial saliva might affect the tested biomaterials more than plain water since saliva has more components, such as organic substances, including immunoglobulins, proteins, enzymes, and mucins [6,57].…”

Photopolymer-Based Composite with Substance Release Capability Manufactured Additively with DLP Method

“…It can be noted that the addition of ethanol causes an approximately twofold decrease in the mentioned parameters compared to the properties of the pure resin. This is probably due to the effect of ethanol on the termination of the radical polymerization process of the resin through the chain transfer reaction to the solvent, which could result in the acceleration of the reaction kinetics depending on the activity of the solvent-derived radical, which would ultimately affect the shortening of the overall crosslinking process of the structure [27,28]. The exposure time of the samples, which was suitable for pure resin samples, may turn out to be too long for resin samples with added solvent by shortening the crosslinking reaction time, which would result in photodegradation due to the excessive radiation intensity adopted by the material at a certain time, justifying the deterioration of the strength properties.…”

Characterization and evaluation of a novel silver nanoparticles-loaded polymethyl methacrylate denture base: <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> animal study

“…For such reasons, researchers recently have begun to consider novel ways to manually induce increased functionality and long-term antimicrobial activity in the materials by increasingly uniformly mixing antibacterial agents and denture base materials [10][11][12] . In such approaches, even if aspects of functionalized surfaces are damaged, new surfaces with the desired and effective types of antibacterial properties will appear subsequently and establish in their place [13][14][15] . Furthermore, the addition of antibiotics to PMMA has been examined, and was found to provide additional antimicrobial properties, however the mechanical properties were negatively affected over time.…”