Designing a ticket to ride with the Cognitive Work Analysis Design Toolkit

Read, Gemma J. M.; Salmon, Paul M.; Lenné, Michael G.; Jenkins, Daniel P.

doi:10.1080/00140139.2015.1013576

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Materials from a systems thinking-based design toolkit (Read et al, 2015), originally developed for use with the Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) framework (Vicente, 1999), were adapted for use with the AcciMap analyses. The toolkit provides a structured approach for translating the outcomes of systems analysis methods into design concepts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing System Reforms: Using a Systems Approach to Translate Incident Analyses into Prevention Strategies

et al. 2016

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Advocates of systems thinking approaches argue that accident prevention strategies should focus on reforming the system rather than on fixing the “broken components.” However, little guidance exists on how organizations can translate incident data into prevention strategies that address the systemic causes of accidents. This article describes and evaluates a series of systems thinking prevention strategies that were designed in response to the analysis of multiple incidents. The study was undertaken in the led outdoor activity (LOA) sector in Australia, which delivers supervised or instructed outdoor activities such as canyoning, sea kayaking, rock climbing and camping. The design process involved workshops with practitioners, and focussed on incident data analyzed using Rasmussen's AcciMap technique. A series of reflection points based on the systemic causes of accidents was used to guide the design process, and the AcciMap technique was used to represent the prevention strategies and the relationships between them, leading to the creation of PreventiMaps. An evaluation of the PreventiMaps revealed that all of them incorporated the core principles of the systems thinking approach and many proposed prevention strategies for improving vertical integration across the LOA system. However, the majority failed to address the migration of work practices and the erosion of risk controls. Overall, the findings suggest that the design process was partially successful in helping practitioners to translate incident data into prevention strategies that addressed the systemic causes of accidents; refinement of the design process is required to focus practitioners more on designing monitoring and feedback mechanisms to support decisions at the higher levels of the system.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing System Reforms: Using a Systems Approach to Translate Incident Analyses into Prevention Strategies

et al. 2016

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“…As a step toward helping to close this gap, we developed a design approach called the CWA‐DT (Read, Salmon, & Lenne, ; Read, Salmon, Lenné, & Jenkins, ). The purpose of the CWA‐DT is to provide an approach for translating the outputs of CWA into design recommendations.…”

Section: Cognitive Work Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A sociotechnical design toolkit for bridging the gap between systems‐based analyses and system design

Read

Salmon

Lenné

2018

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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Cognitive work analysis (CWA) is a systems-based framework for analyzing complex sociotechnical systems; however, its ability to directly inform design has been questioned. The Cognitive Work Analysis Design Toolkit (CWA-DT) was developed to address this gap. This study describes the development, application, and evolution of the CWA-DT and examines the extent to which it provides a useful approach to design. The evaluation draws upon five case-study applications. In three applications, involving the design of public transport ticketing systems, railway level crossing environments and road intersections, the toolkit was used in conjunction with CWA.In addition, we present two case studies where the CWA-DT was used with other systems-based analysis frameworks (for the design of incident prevention strategies for led outdoor activities and systemic interventions to improve road safety) to illustrate the flexibility of the toolkit. Based on feedback from participants involved in CWA-DT design processes, it is concluded that it provides a useful approach for translating human factors analyses into design concepts. Additional applications and adaptations of the approach are encouraged. K E Y W O R D S cognitive systems engineering, cognitive work analysis, design methods, design strategies, transportation

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“…The initial call was put forward by Vicente (2002) in his review of ecological interface design and reiterated by Naikar (2012) in relation to discussions of team design. Since then, Read et al (2015) have reported a case study in which CWA was used in combination with a template requiring design features associated with multiple elements to be documented. While it seems that such a template could help ensure that designs of multiple elements are considered concurrently, the findings of the case study suggest that this is not a guaranteed result.…”

Section: Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive work analysis: An influential legacy extending beyond human factors and engineering

Naikar

2017

Applied Ergonomics

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Jens Rasmussen's multifaceted legacy includes cognitive work analysis (CWA), a framework for the analysis, design, and evaluation of complex sociotechnical systems. After considering the framework's origins, this paper reviews its progress, predictably covering experimental research on ecological interface design, case studies of the application of CWA to human factors and engineering problems in industry, and methods and modelling tools for CWA. Emphasis is placed, however, on studying the nexus between some of the recent results obtained with CWA and the original field studies of human problem-solving that motivated the framework's development. Of particular interest is a case study of the use of CWA for military doctrine development, a problem commonly regarded as lying outside the fields of human factors and engineering. It is concluded that the value of CWA, even for such diverse problems, is likely to result from its conceptual grounding in empirical observations of patterns of human reasoning in complex systems.

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Designing a ticket to ride with the Cognitive Work Analysis Design Toolkit

Abstract: The Cognitive Work Analysis Design Toolkit has been developed to provide ergonomics practitioners with a structured approach for translating the outputs of cognitive work analysis into design solutions. This paper demonstrates an application of the toolkit and provides evaluation findings.

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

Designing System Reforms: Using a Systems Approach to Translate Incident Analyses into Prevention Strategies

Designing System Reforms: Using a Systems Approach to Translate Incident Analyses into Prevention Strategies

A sociotechnical design toolkit for bridging the gap between systems‐based analyses and system design

Cognitive work analysis: An influential legacy extending beyond human factors and engineering

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