Designing a Rectangular Patch Antenna for Vehicle Monitoring Systems

Abstract

The growing occurrence of traffic accidents in urban regions is a cause for concern. Ensuring the safety and well-being of individuals involved in accidents is of utmost importance, and it is essential to provide them with prompt rescue operations and essential medical assistance. This research aims to develop an antenna system that operates at 2.4 GHz in the S-band (1.97 GHz-2.69 GHz) for monitoring vehicles involved in accidents. The monitoring unit will be installed into the vehicles and will need a small rectangular patch antenna to be placed on the rooftop of the vehicle for better signal reception and transmission. A thorough simulation analysis using Computer Simulation Technology software has been conducted to evaluate the performance of the antenna design. The simulation outcomes reveal that the proposed antenna offers a bandwidth of 115.991 MHz (ranging from 2.258525 GHz to 2.374516 GHz), ensuring reliable signal transmission and reception in challenging conditions. It also shows a return loss of −53.52039 dB, indicating excellent impedance matching, a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio of 1.004456 for near-perfect impedance matching, a gain of 2.55 dBi for effective signal transmission, a directivity of 4.815 dBi for focusing energy in a specific direction, and a radiation efficiency of −2.262 dB (59.43%) for converting input power into radiated electromagnetic waves efficiently. These results suggest that the antenna system will be effective and reliable for real-time signal transmission and reception in accident monitoring scenarios. Implementing this system with an optimized antenna is expected to reduce response time for rescuing accident victims, potentially saving lives and minimizing the impact of traffic accidents in urban areas.