1996
DOI: 10.1016/0925-2312(95)00039-9
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Designing a neural network for forecasting financial and economic time series

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Cited by 892 publications
(485 citation statements)
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“…The network satisfying the least error criterion is selected finally. It should be also noted that to avoid overfitting and since we wanted to compare a set of NN classifiers we stuck to just a single hidden layer 44 .…”
Section: Affective State Classificationmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The network satisfying the least error criterion is selected finally. It should be also noted that to avoid overfitting and since we wanted to compare a set of NN classifiers we stuck to just a single hidden layer 44 .…”
Section: Affective State Classificationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another important aspect in designing such networks is selection of the number of hidden neurons. The "fixed" approach suggested by Kaastra and Boyd 44 is best suitable for offline computation despite being time consuming, where a group of networks are trained using different number of neurons. The network satisfying the least error criterion is selected finally.…”
Section: Affective State Classificationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Neural networks have been applied to various studies in economics (Kaastra & Boyd, 1996), consumer choice (Chiang et al, 2006;Hu, Shanker, & Hung, 1999), and customer loyalty (Hsu, Shih, Huang, Lin, & Lin, 2009) and information systems adoptions (Chong, 2013). These studies showed that neural networks can be applied to broad areas of research, consistently providing good results.…”
Section: Neural Network Overviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They are immune to error term assumptions and can tolerate noise, chaotic components, and extremities better than most other methods [23]. ANNs, like conventional regression analysis, attempt to minimize the sum of squared errors [24].…”
Section: Formulation Of the Proposed Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Data pre-processing is the process of analysing and transforming the input and output variables to minimize noise, highlight important relationships and detect trends [23]. In order to assist ANN learning, data pre-processing is usually performed by means of standardisation before ANN training.…”
Section: Data Pre-processingmentioning
confidence: 99%