Designing a Laboratory Bioassay for Evaluating the Efficacy of Antifouling Paints on Amphibalanus amphitrite Using a Flow-Through System

Abstract

With the aim of establishing a protocol for evaluating the efficacy of antifouling paints on different organisms, a flow-through laboratory test using triangular boxes was developed for cyprids of the barnacle Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite. Six different formulations of antifouling paints were prepared in increasing content (0 to 40 wt.%) of Cu2O, which is the most commonly used antifouling substance, and each formulation of paint was coated on one surface of each test plate. The test plates were aged for 45 days by rotating them at a speed of 10 knots inside a cylinder drum with continuously flowing seawater. The settlement behavior of 3-day-old cyprids released inside triangular boxes made from the test plates was observed. A decreasing number of juveniles settled on surfaces of test plates that were coated with paint containing more than 30 wt.% of Cu2O. Results of the laboratory bioassays were consistent with those from the field experiments.

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“…This method is novel in that it evaluates the behavior of barnacles inside a triangular box in a flow-through system to determine how well antifouling paints inhibit barnacle growth. This study also demonstrated a highly reliable way for antifouling agent efficacy evaluation [247]. Antunes et al (2019) designed a multi-bioassay approach that efficiently assessed the potential antifouling activities of cyanobacterium Phormidium sp.…”

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“…These two preparations were seen to reduce the complications related to hernia infection during surgery. Another study by Kojima et al investigated antifouling paints and developed a laboratory scale bioassay using a flow-through system [4]. They prepared antifouling biocide-releasing Cu 2 O-based paints for the inhibition of Amphibalanus amphitrite adhesion to a home-made container.…”