Designing a Food Hygiene Intervention in Low-Income, Peri-Urban Context of Kisumu, Kenya: Application of the Trials of Improved Practices Methodology

Simiyu, Sheillah; Czerniewska, Alexandra; Aseyo, Evalyne; Baker, Kelly K.; Cumming, Oliver; Mumma, Jane; Dreibelbis, Robert

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.19-0629

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Formative research on caregiver experiences and infant food safety ( 7 , 17 ), and the challenges for Community Health Volunteers (CHVs) in delivery of health care information ( 18 ) informed our study design. The design of the Safe Start intervention was optimized through an interactive pilot study ( 19 ) and CHVs were involved in the implementation of the study ( 16 ). Community knowledge dissemination meetings were convened after the study to discuss results with the community.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Product Safety and Household Food Hygiene Influence Bacterial Contamination of Infant Food in Peri-Urban Kenya

Hoffmann

Simiyu

Sewell

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundMilk is a common infant food in peri-urban Kenya that can transmit diarrhea-causing enteric pathogens. Little is known about how contamination of milk at point of purchase and household handling of milk-based infant foods contribute to infant exposure to enteric pathogens.ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence and concentrations of bacterial indicator organisms and enteric pathogens in unpackaged, fresh pasteurized, and ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk at purchase and assess the influence of the type of milk used to prepare infant food on contamination of this food.MethodsPaired samples of purchased milk and infant food prepared with this milk were obtained from 188 households in low-income neighborhoods in Kisumu, Kenya. Samples were cultured on selective media to isolate Salmonella enterica, Shigella spp., Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus spp., and Escherichia coli, with pathogens validated by PCR. Probability of detection of these bacteria was compared by milk product treatment and packaging method, and between milk at point of purchase vs. food at point of infant consumption.ResultsUnpackaged milk was most contaminated at point of purchase, but bacterial contamination was also present in pasteurized and UHT milk at purchase. Presence of bacteria in UHT and fresh pasteurized milk at purchase predicted presence of the same bacteria type in infant food. Prevalence of bacterial contamination and concentration level for bacterial indicators generally increased between point of purchase and consumption in UHT and fresh pasteurized milk-based food but decreased in unpackaged milk-based food. Prevalence of the four fecal bacteria were similar in infant foods prepared with each type of milk.ConclusionBoth pre-market contamination and post-purchase handling influence the likelihood of infants ingesting foods contaminated by diarrheal pathogens.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Product Safety and Household Food Hygiene Influence Bacterial Contamination of Infant Food in Peri-Urban Kenya

Hoffmann

Simiyu

Sewell

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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show abstract

“…Formative research on caregiver experiences and infant food safety 7 16 , and the challenges for Community Health Volunteers (CHVs) in delivery of health care information 17 informed study design. The design of the Safe Start intervention was optimized through an interactive pilot study 18 and CHVs were involved in the implementation of the study 15 . Community knowledge dissemination meetings were convened after the study to discuss results with the community.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of milk product safety and household food hygiene on bacterial contamination of infant food in peri-urban Kenya

Hoffmann

Simiyu

Sewell

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Previous work in peri-urban communities within Kisumu County, Kenya, has shown that milk is a common weaning food and often contains enteric pathogens. Little is known about how milk and milk-based foods fed to infants become contaminated in peri-urban communities. Objective: To compare the bacterial indicator and enteric pathogen detection levels in unpackaged, fresh pasteurized, and ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk at purchase, and assess its association with contamination of food prepared with this milk and fed to infants. Methods: Paired samples of milk at point of sale and infant food prepared with this milk were obtained from 188 households enrolled as controls in the Safe Start trial. Samples were cultured to isolate Salmonella enterica, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus spp., and E. Coli, including Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) E. coli 0157, with pathogens validated by PCR. Detection of these bacteria was compared across milk types, and between milk at purchase vs. point of infant consumption. Results: Unpackaged milk was most contaminated at point of purchase, but bacterial contamination was also present in pasteurized and UHT milk. Presence of bacteria in milk at purchase predicted presence of the same bacteria type in infant food. Contamination detection frequency and concentration level for bacterial indicators generally increased between point of purchase and consumption among users of UHT and fresh pasteurized milk, but decreased among those using unpackaged milk. Detection of the four fecal bacteria in infant food was not significantly related to the type of milk used. Conclusion: Kenyan infants are exposed to foodborne bacteria, including enteric pathogens, in milk-based foods. Both pre-market contamination and post-purchase handling influence the likelihood of milk given to infants being contaminated. Improvements in the safety of raw and pasteurized milk, and caregiver education on safe preparation and storage, are needed to reduce infant exposure to contaminated food.

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“…Biofertilizers are found to be a class that improves agricultural productivity and/or soil health with their bioactivity [321]. Biofertilizers and biopesticides hold the possibility to improve the agriculture production system with a suitable methodology [322]. These are being connected normally to the development of the plant, advancement and reactions to abiotic stresses, actuated by mixed bioactive materials from an incredible assorted variety.…”

Section: Microbe Based Inoculantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinoculants—Natural Biological Resources for Sustainable Plant Production

et al. 2021

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Agricultural sustainability is of foremost importance for maintaining high food production. Irresponsible resource use not only negatively affects agroecology, but also reduces the economic profitability of the production system. Among different resources, soil is one of the most vital resources of agriculture. Soil fertility is the key to achieve high crop productivity. Maintaining soil fertility and soil health requires conscious management effort to avoid excessive nutrient loss, sustain organic carbon content, and minimize soil contamination. Though the use of chemical fertilizers have successfully improved crop production, its integration with organic manures and other bioinoculants helps in improving nutrient use efficiency, improves soil health and to some extent ameliorates some of the constraints associated with excessive fertilizer application. In addition to nutrient supplementation, bioinoculants have other beneficial effects such as plant growth-promoting activity, nutrient mobilization and solubilization, soil decontamination and/or detoxification, etc. During the present time, high energy based chemical inputs also caused havoc to agriculture because of the ill effects of global warming and climate change. Under the consequences of climate change, the use of bioinputs may be considered as a suitable mitigation option. Bioinoculants, as a concept, is not something new to agricultural science, however; it is one of the areas where consistent innovations have been made. Understanding the role of bioinoculants, the scope of their use, and analysing their performance in various environments are key to the successful adaptation of this technology in agriculture.

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Designing a Food Hygiene Intervention in Low-Income, Peri-Urban Context of Kisumu, Kenya: Application of the Trials of Improved Practices Methodology

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Milk Product Safety and Household Food Hygiene Influence Bacterial Contamination of Infant Food in Peri-Urban Kenya

Milk Product Safety and Household Food Hygiene Influence Bacterial Contamination of Infant Food in Peri-Urban Kenya

Influence of milk product safety and household food hygiene on bacterial contamination of infant food in peri-urban Kenya

Bioinoculants—Natural Biological Resources for Sustainable Plant Production

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