Designer DNA biomolecules as a defined biomaterial for 3D bioprinting applications

Abstract

DNA has excellent features such as the presence of functional and targeted molecular recognition motifs, tailorable, defined material source, multifunctionality, high–precision molecular self–assembly, synthetic preparation, hydrophilicity and outstanding biocompatibility. Due...

Hyaluronic Acid as Bioink and Hydrogel Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

“…Schematic representation and comparison of different bioprinting methods: inkjet, extrusion, and laser-assisted bioprinting techniques. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2022 Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

“…111 In this study, HA was initially modified to methacrylic anhydride hyaluronic acid (MAHA) and glycidyl methacrylate hyaluronic acid (GMHA) using methacrylic anhydride and glycidyl methacrylate, respectively. Different concentrations of GMHA and MAHA (5,10,15,20, and 40 mg/mL) were mixed with the photoinitiator (Irgacure 2959) to study the viscoelastic properties and printability of the developed HA-based bioink. Rheological analysis of the prepared solutions showed shearthinning properties, allowing its use as a bioink candidate for extrusion bioprinting applications.…”

“…It requires a few primary components, such as a suitable bioprinting system, a design file to print, and a printable bioink (mostly polymeric biomaterials, biological components, cells, and growth factors). 10 Generally, hydrogels are used as bioinks since they possess interconnected micropores throughout the architecture, which aids in absorbing water or biological fluids (up to 99%) to provide an ECM mimetic environment for the cells within the printed constructs. 11 Some commonly used 3D bioprinting techniques include inkjet bioprinting, laser-assisted bioprinting, and extrusion-based bioprinting.…”

Advances in DNA Supramolecular Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering

“…These DNA bioinks can self‐assemble through complementary base pairing (via hydrogen bonding). [ 81 ] Therefore, the DNA supramolecular hydrogel is a novel and outstanding ink material for 3D printing.…”

DNA-Based Molecular Machines

“…Since the 1980s, a variety of chemicals and materials, including small organic molecules, nanoparticles, proteins, RNA, and DNA, have been utilized to construct diverse artificial molecular machines. − As an exquisite illustration, Feringa and colleagues created organic molecule-based molecular machinery with a unidirectional rotation that performs complex tasks utilizing chemical fuels, light, or electrochemical react ions, as recognized by the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. − Alternatively, DNA has also widened our vision and facilitated the development of artificial molecular machines. − In particular, since Seeman’s pioneering work in the early 1980s, rapidly growing structural DNA nanotechnology has opened up new possibilities for the building of static and dynamic 2D and 3D DNA-based molecular machines (DMMs), that are built from exquisite architectures of DNA sequences and achieve mechanical operation by DNA in a dynamic, controllable, modular manner. − Due to the flexible backbone of ssDNA and the rigid framework of double-helical DNA domains, the local stiffnesses of DNA nanostructures can be programmed and coupled to fit a wide range of structural requirements for each particular molecular machine design . Meanwhile, by exploring DNA’s highly predictable assembly qualities and the programmability of its hybridization processes, DNA offers a path for programming and controlling complicated motion or behavior at the nanoscale.…”