Designed Synthesis of Nanostructured Magnetic Hydroxyapatite Based Drug Nanocarrier for Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery toward the Treatment of Human Epidermoid Carcinoma

Abstract

Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles on hydroxyapatite nanorod based nanostructures (Fe3O4/HAp) were synthesized using hydrothermal techniques at 180 °C for 12 h and were used as drug delivery nanocarriers for cancer cell therapeutic applications. The synthesized Fe3O4/HAp nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The morphologies of the Fe3O4/HAp nanocomposites show 15 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles dispersed in the form of rods. The BET result shows that the synthesized samples have a high specific surface area of 80 m2 g−1 with mesoporous structures. Magnetic measurements revealed that the sample has high saturation magnetization of 18 emu/g with low coercivity. The Fe3O4/HAp nanocomposites had a large specific surface area (SSA), high mesoporous volume, and good magnetic property, which made it a suitable nanocarrier for targeted drug delivery systems. The chemotherapeutic agent, andrographolide, was used to investigate the drug delivery behavior of the Fe3O4/HAp nanocomposites. The human epidermoid skin cancer cells (A431) were used as the model targeting cell lines by treating with andrographolide loaded Fe3O4/HAp nanosystems and were further evaluated for their antiproliferative activities and the induction of apoptosis. Also, the present nanocomposite shows better biocompatibility, therefore it can be used as suitable drug vehicle for cancer therapy applications.

Green Route Synthesis and Preliminary Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles using Leaf Extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum

“…The diffraction peaks matched the standard Fe 3 O 4 peaks (JCPDS card No: 89-0691) and were detected at 2θ values of 35.641°, 54.168° and 62.485°. These peaks were assigned to the lattice planes (311), (422) and (440), respectively [14]. The other peaks at 2θ value 24.045°, 33.122°, 40.8°, 49.503° and 64.125° were attributed to the lattice planes (012), (104), (113), (024) and (300), respectively of α-Fe 2 O 3 phase (Figure 4b).…”

“…Major therapeutic applications include drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) etc. which make these nanoparticles ideal candidates in biomedical field [13][14][15][16][17]. Reportedly, biologically synthesized IONPs are more superior to the chemical counterparts owing to their extremely small size and being biocompatible [18].…”

Organic Phosphorous and Calcium Source Induce the Synthesis of Yolk-Shell Structured Microspheres of Calcium Phosphate with High-Specific Surface Area: Application in HEL Adsorption

“…The peaks at 1620 cm −1 , 1383 cm −1 , and 912 cm −1 attributed to the characteristic peaks of the C=O, C-O of CG and P-O groups of ATP [26], respectively, implying that unhydrolyzed CG and ATP molecules or their derivatives are absorbed on the surface of the microspheres. The faint characteristic peak of the PO 4 3− from HAp is located at 1035 cm −1 [27] and the absorption peaks at 1122 cm −1 and 567 cm −1 are assigned to PO 4 3− ions of ACP [28], indicating that the products are composed of ACP and HAp. The FTIR results suggest Furthermore, the SEM and TEM images of samples synthesized with various Ca/P through microwave hydrothermal method at 120°C for 15 min are displayed in Fig.…”

“…Then, the initial ACP nuclei grow and assemble to form ACP microspheres. Therefore, when hydrothermal time is further extended, the ATP and CG molecules in solution are further hydrolyzed and release more PO 4 3− and Ca 2+ ions, which causes the formation of nanosheets self-assembled microspheres through improving the supersaturation of system and the nucleation rate. In addition, by increasing the Ca/P, the local high concentration of Ca 2+ also accelerates the morphology transformation of products in the same way as above.…”

“…Calcium phosphate has gained considerable attention during the past few years due to its excellent biocompatibility [1], high-loading capacity, and delivery efficiency. Calcium phosphate-related biomaterials have been widely used in various biomedical fields, such as tissue engineering [2], bone repair [3], and drug delivery [4]. In order to extend the application range and improve the performance of calcium phosphate-based materials, various calcium phosphate materials with varieties of morphologies and microstructures including carbonated hydroxyapatite (HAp) microspheres [5], HAp microtubes [6], hollow HAp microspheres [7], mesoporous yolk@cage-shell nanospheres of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) [8] have been reported.…”