Designed growth of large bilayer graphene with arbitrary twist angles

Liu, Can; Li, Zehui; Qiao, Ruixi; Wang, Qinghe; Zhang, Zhibin; Liu, Fang; Zi-qi, Zhou; Shang, Nianze; Fang, Hong-Wei; Wang, Meixiao; Liu, Z. K.; Feng, Zhiying; Yang, Cheng; Wu, Heng; Gong, Dunwei; Liu, Song; Zhang, Zhensheng; Zou, Dingxin; Fu, Ying; He, Jun; Hong, Hao; Wu, Muhong; Gao, Peng; Tan, Ping‐Heng; Wang, Xinqiang; Yu, Dapeng; Wang, Enge; Wang, Zhujun; Liu, Kaihui

doi:10.1038/s41563-022-01361-8

Cited by 62 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…For one thing, the use of it as a substrate might overcome the challenge of preparing 2D materials with large scale and high quality because it can meet the following three conditions as a valuable substrate: (1) it should be low-cost enough; (2) it should possess high temperature resistance; and (3) its surface structure should be fairly stable in air and have an inherent hexagonal character like most 2D materials. This has been experimentally confirmed in several 2D materials such as graphene and MoS 2 [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. In addition, although it is easy to obtain ideal 2D materials, superstructure and regular line defects are frequently observed in the surfaces of 2D materials, and their formation mechanisms are still poorly understood [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Study of the Cu(111) Surface by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: The Morphology Evolution, Reconstructions, Superstructures and Line Defects

Wang

Shen

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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The Cu(111) surface is an important substrate for catalysis and the growth of 2D materials, but a comprehensive understanding of the preparation and formation of well-ordered and atomically clean Cu(111) surfaces is still lacking. In this work, the morphology and structure changes of the Cu(111) surface after treatment by ion bombardment and annealing with a temperature range of 300–720 °C are investigated systematically by using in situ low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. With the increase of annealing temperature, the surface morphology changes from corrugation to straight edge, the number of screw dislocations changes from none to numerous, and the surface atomic structure changes from disordered to ordered structures (with many reconstructions). In addition, the changing trend of step width and step height in different stages is different (first increased and then decreased). A perfect Cu(111) surface with a step height of one atom layer (0.21 nm) and a width of more than 150 nm was obtained. In addition, two interesting superstructures and a new surface phase with a large number of line defects were found. This work serves as a strong foundation for understanding the properties of Cu(111) surface, and it also provides important guidance for the effective pretreatment of Cu(111) substrates, which are widely used.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Study of the Cu(111) Surface by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: The Morphology Evolution, Reconstructions, Superstructures and Line Defects

Wang

Shen

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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“…Besides twisting the monolayers after growth, Liu's group showed the possibility of prerotating the underlying copper CVD growth substrate. [ 68 ] Using a Cu/TBG/Cu sandwich structure, they successfully grew centimeter‐sized TBG films with arbitrary twist angles with an angular precision of <1°. Second, inspired by origami, researchers attempted to fold 2D materials using an atomic force microscopy or a scanning tunneling microscope to achieve edge‐defined rotation angles.…”

Section: Materials Systems and Chiral Stacked Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Ultrathin Chiral Metasurfaces by Twisted Stacking

et al. 2022

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chiral plasmonic nanoparticles and their self-assembled structures as colloidal suspensions. [6][7][8][9] Recently, beyond noble metal plasmonics, solid-state layered nanomaterials that are rotationally aligned with a defined twist angle are becoming increasingly investigated (Figure 1). Among these are twisted 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials, [10][11][12] twisted single-crystal slabs, [13,14] twisted aligned nanowire thin films, [15][16][17][18] and twisted metasurfaces with periodic subunits [19][20][21] (Figure 2). These chiral stacked materials possessing geometric handedness and optical chirality can be seen as truncated and minimalistic versions of supramolecular liquid crystals in the chiral nematic phase or of 3D chiral photonic crystals. [22][23][24] Compared to their bulk or multiple-layer counterparts, the fabrication becomes greatly simplified for bilayer or few-layer chiral metamaterials, enabling precise control over the interlayer twist angle to manipulate lightmatter interactions. Ultrathin chiral metamaterials and metasurfaces with tunable optical and chiroptical responses are thus an active field for study.Twisting achiral layered nanostructures in parallel planes enables engineering of the extrinsic chirality and related optical performance. Specifically, the twist angle from counterclockwise rotation of an upper layer with respect to the beneath one is defined to be positive, θ > 0°, leading to a left-handed stacking geometry. [10,18] Accordingly, negative twist angle from clockwise rotation gives rise to the right-handed counterpart. Accurate control over the interlayer rotation angle offers flexible manipulation of properties, especially optical activity, of twisted layered systems of a wide variety of monolayer constituents and dimensions. A well-studied system is twisted bilayer graphene (TBG), catalyzing the research on twisted stacked nanostructures over the past few years, especially as many intriguing properties of magic-angle graphene are uncovered. [28][29][30] The twist angle dependencies of phonon dispersion, [31] optical absorption and reflection, [32,33] circular dichroism (CD) and birefringence, [10,34] second harmonic generation (SHG), [35] and photoresponse [36,37] of TBG have been extensively explored in the past few years. Similar realizations have been reported for twisted nanostructures of other 2D materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides, [38,39] graphitic carbon nitride, [40] and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), [41] as well as non-2D systems like polymeric thin films or patterned plasmonic nanohole arrays. [42,43] Therefore, there exists fertile ground for chiral metasurface design Artificial chiral nanostructures have been subjected to extensive research for their unique chiroptical activities. Planarized chiral films of ultrathin thicknesses are in particular demand for easy on-chip integration and improved energy efficiency as polarization-sensitive metadevices. Recently, controlled twisted stacking of two or more layers of nanomaterials, such as 2D van der ...

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“…Clearly, the spatial extent of the moiré unit cell, which is determined by the moiré angle, determines the nature of the hierarchical organization. In systems such as twisted bilayer graphene, the twist angle can tune the size of moiré unit cells. − However, exploiting these as templates for realizing a further level of hierarchically ordered cluster arrays remains unexplored. Finally, extending our observations to nanoparticle systems would be an exciting step forward.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Colloidal Self-Assembly on Lattice-Mismatched Moiré Patterns

Mondal

Ganapathy

2023

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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Extending atomic epitaxy concepts to colloidal systems for realizing functional surface structures has recently piqued scientific interest. Akin to the growth of ordered metal clusters on graphene moire, spatially ordered colloidal crystals have been realized on soft lithographically fabricated moirépatterns. In addition to moiréperiodicity, lattice misfit strain can bring about a further level of hierarchy in colloidal self-assembly, although its role in selforganization remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the self-organized growth of micrometer-sized colloidal pyramid arrays with lateral order extending over millimeter length scales on lattice-mismatched moirépatterns. By probing the film growth dynamics with singleparticle resolution, we uncovered the interplay between lattice misfit strain and topographically varying surface potential within the moiréunit cell, which significantly alters the nucleation process. We also show that the structural organization of colloids within moiréregions primarily depends on the moiréangle, and by tuning it, multiple levels of hierarchy can be achieved.

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Designed growth of large bilayer graphene with arbitrary twist angles

Cited by 62 publications

References 90 publications

Study of the Cu(111) Surface by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: The Morphology Evolution, Reconstructions, Superstructures and Line Defects

Study of the Cu(111) Surface by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: The Morphology Evolution, Reconstructions, Superstructures and Line Defects

Recent Advances in Ultrathin Chiral Metasurfaces by Twisted Stacking

Hierarchical Colloidal Self-Assembly on Lattice-Mismatched Moiré Patterns

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