“…It represents an alternative management philosophy driven by ideas, a consciousness infused into the organization that emphasizes the importance of intuition-driven design and creative feelings simultaneously (Venkatesh et al ., 2012). To create design concepts, each company develops its own mix of design thinking: user focus (Norman, 2013; Kolko, 2015; Zheng, 2018; Bason and Austin, 2019), collaborations between departments (Borja de Mozota, 2002; Veryzer and Borja de Mozota, 2005; Chen and Venkatesh, 2013; Luchs et al ., 2016), testing and iteration (Norman, 2013; Kolko, 2015; Zheng, 2018; Bason and Austin, 2019), the use of brand image to establish a design language (Veryzer and Borja de Mozota, 2005; Verganti, 2008; Noble and Kumar, 2010; Chen and Venkatesh, 2013; Luchs et al ., 2016), as well as a competitive orientation (Borja de Mozota, 2002; Moll et al ., 2007; Dell’Era and Verganti, 2007; Beverland et al ., 2010; Chen and Venkatesh, 2013).…”