“…In her exploratory multiple case study, Liedtka (2018a) examines how 22 organizations apply design thinking in practice and develops hypotheses about how the practices can influence innovation outcomes. Other single case studies present design thinking applications in the public sector, information and communication technology, design, automotive, marketing and many other areas (e.g., Bryant & Wrigley, 2015; Davis, Docherty, & Dowling, 2016; Wrigley, Nusem, & Straker, 2020). However, even though these case studies mention advantages like connecting certain individuals in the development process to the customer and providing the foundation for better decision making (e.g., Bryant & Wrigley, 2015), they do not explicitly focus on the effectiveness of design thinking for achieving project success.…”