Design, synthesis and evaluation of benzothiazole derivatives as multifunctional agents

Abstract

Oxidative stress is the product or aetiology of various multifactorial diseases; on the other hand, the development of multifunctional compounds is a recognized strategy for the control of complex diseases. To this end, a series of benzothiazole derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their multifunctional effectiveness as antioxidant, sunscreen (filter), antifungal and antiproliferative agents. Compounds were easily synthesized via condensation reaction between 2-aminothiophenols and different benzaldehydes. SAR study, particularly in position 2 and 6 of benzothiazoles, led to the identification of 4g and 4k as very interesting potential compounds for the design of multifunctional drugs. In particular, compound 4g is the best blocker of hERG potassium channels expressed in HEK 293 cells exhibiting 60.32% inhibition with IC 50 = 4.79 μM.

Skin Damages—Structure Activity Relationship of Benzimidazole Derivatives Bearing a 5-Membered Ring System

“…The blank was prepared using a plate covered with 15 µL of glycerin thanks to its non-fluorescent and UV transparency. In vitro SPF, UVA-PF and Critical Wavelength were carried out according using SPF Calculator Software (SPF Calculator Software (version 2.1), Shimadzu, Milan, Italy) as previously described [ 37 ].…”

“…In Vitro antifungal activity against the five dermatophytes was assessed using the plaque growth inhibition method as previously described [ 37 ]. Each compound was evaluated at the final concentration of 100 µg/mL.…”

“…Stock solutions were prepared by dissolving the compounds and Fluconazole in DMSO at a concentration of 12.80 mg/mL. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the synthesized agents was performed by broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute/National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (CLSI/NCCLS) Approved Standard M27-A3, 2008 [NCCLS] as previously described [ 37 ].…”

“…The photostability was determined using the method previously described [ 37 ]. Each plate, prepared according to the previous section was irradiated with a solar simulator applying the UVA-dose equivalent to an effective erythema radiant exposure.…”

Synthesis, Characterization, and Preliminary In Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation of a Series of 2-Substituted Benzo [d] [1,3] Azoles

“…The structures of benzo [ d ] [1,3] azoles, such as benzimidazole (BZM), benzothiazole (BTA), and benzoxazole (BOX), are highly valued heterocyclic scaffolds in the design and synthesis of new drugs and bioactive agents. These heterocyclic nuclei are privileged pharmacophores that exhibit an inherent affinity for various types of receptors involved in different biological signaling pathways, whose derivatives have shown multiple pharmacological functions, including anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antiviral, anti-insomnia, antiparasitic, anticancer, among others ( Scheme 1 ) [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”