“…The cell wall and cell membrane of treated Candida indicated the loss of the integrity of membrane which resulted in distortion and ultimately to cell death [45]. The best possible reason of this action could be the size and easy attachment of NPs to the cellular surfaces and targeting the ergosterol, which is a main sterol responsible for the integrity of fungal cell wall [46,47]. Among all the ratios of Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Dy x Fe 2-x O 4 NPs (x 0.1) (x !…”
Section: Morphological Analysis By Scanning Electron Microscope (Sem)mentioning
Combining two or more nanoparticles is a promising approach. Previously we have reported synthesis of nanoparticles Dysprosium (Dy) substituted with manganese (Mn) zinc (Zn) by using ultrasonication method. The five different nanoparticles (NPs) Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Dy x Fe 2-x O 4 (x 0.1) have been structurally and morphologically characterized but there is no report on the biological application of these NPs. In the present study, we have examined the anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal activities of Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Dy x Fe 2-x O 4 (x 0.1) NPs. Human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) were tested with different concentrations of NPs by using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. In addition, the impact of NPs was also examined on normal cells such as human embryonic kidney cells, HEK-293. After 48 h of treatment, Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Dy x Fe 2-x O 4 NPs (x ¼ 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06) showed no inhibitory action on cancer cell's growth and proliferation, whereas Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Dy x Fe 2-x O 4 NPs (x ¼ 0.08 and 0.1) showed profound inhibitory action on cancer cell's growth and proliferation. However, the treatment of Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Dy x Fe 2-x O 4 NPs on the normal cells (HEK-293) did not show cytotoxic or inhibitory action on HEK-293 cells. The treatment of Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Dy x Fe 2-x O 4 NPs (x 0.1) also inhibited both the bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC35218 and Staphylococcus aureus) with lowest MIC and MBC values of 4 and 8 mg/mL and fungus (Candida albicans) with MIC and MFC values of 4 and 8 mg/mL on treatment with x ¼ 0.08 and 0. 1.
“…The cell wall and cell membrane of treated Candida indicated the loss of the integrity of membrane which resulted in distortion and ultimately to cell death [45]. The best possible reason of this action could be the size and easy attachment of NPs to the cellular surfaces and targeting the ergosterol, which is a main sterol responsible for the integrity of fungal cell wall [46,47]. Among all the ratios of Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Dy x Fe 2-x O 4 NPs (x 0.1) (x !…”
Section: Morphological Analysis By Scanning Electron Microscope (Sem)mentioning
Combining two or more nanoparticles is a promising approach. Previously we have reported synthesis of nanoparticles Dysprosium (Dy) substituted with manganese (Mn) zinc (Zn) by using ultrasonication method. The five different nanoparticles (NPs) Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Dy x Fe 2-x O 4 (x 0.1) have been structurally and morphologically characterized but there is no report on the biological application of these NPs. In the present study, we have examined the anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal activities of Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Dy x Fe 2-x O 4 (x 0.1) NPs. Human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) were tested with different concentrations of NPs by using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. In addition, the impact of NPs was also examined on normal cells such as human embryonic kidney cells, HEK-293. After 48 h of treatment, Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Dy x Fe 2-x O 4 NPs (x ¼ 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06) showed no inhibitory action on cancer cell's growth and proliferation, whereas Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Dy x Fe 2-x O 4 NPs (x ¼ 0.08 and 0.1) showed profound inhibitory action on cancer cell's growth and proliferation. However, the treatment of Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Dy x Fe 2-x O 4 NPs on the normal cells (HEK-293) did not show cytotoxic or inhibitory action on HEK-293 cells. The treatment of Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Dy x Fe 2-x O 4 NPs (x 0.1) also inhibited both the bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC35218 and Staphylococcus aureus) with lowest MIC and MBC values of 4 and 8 mg/mL and fungus (Candida albicans) with MIC and MFC values of 4 and 8 mg/mL on treatment with x ¼ 0.08 and 0. 1.
“…After completion of this, oxidation of the ester derivative of the above formed THBC yields the final β-carboline compound. Singh and co-workers reported the antifungal activity of the THBC ester derivatives (cis/trans) by taking the L-tryptophan as a starting material ( Scheme 7 ) ( Singh et al., 2020 ). Scheme 7 Synthesis of THBC esters by R. Singh and co-workers.…”
Leishmaniasis is the most widespread pathogenic disease in several countries. Currently, no effective vaccines are available, and the control of Leishmaniasis primarily relies on decade-old chemotherapy. The treatment for the Leishmaniasis is not up to the mark. Current therapy for Leishmaniasis is ancient and requires hospitalization for the administration. These medications are also highly toxic and resistant. β-carboline, a natural indole containing alkaloid, holds a vital position in the field of medicinal chemistry with a diversified pharmacological action. The current review focuses mainly on the anti-leishmanial effects of β-carboline analogs and their synthetic strategies, structural activity relationship studies (SAR). The past ten years alterations unveiled by β-carboline analogs present in phytoconstituents and various derivatives of synthesized analogs with the mechanism of action were briefly shortlisted and illustrated.
“…Naturally occurring compounds have always played an important role in drug discovery. In particular, the β-carboline based moiety represents the core structure of several pharmaceutical activities [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], such as anticancer [ 3 , 4 , 13 ], antimicrobial [ 5 ], antimalarial [ 7 ], antiviral [ 9 ], and antifungal activities [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Many bioactive β-carboline-based compounds have been found to be important sources of drugs and drug leads, and most of them have been isolated from marine invertebrates, such as the marine sponge [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], tunicate [ 4 , 24 , 25 ], gorgonian [ 26 ] and alga [ 27 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…6-Chloro-9-(3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1 H -pyrido [3,4- b ]indole TFA displayed in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of Cryptococcus neoformans by induction of cell growth at the G2 phase on the Cdc25c/CDK1/cyclin B pathway [ 18 ]. Moreover, THβC with an eight-carbon linear chain at the C1 position, (1 R ,3 S )-methyl 1-octyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1 H -pyrido[3,4- b ]indole-3-carboxylate, showed in vitro antifungal activity against Candida glabrata with disruption of the membranes of fungal cells by increased asymmetry and decomposition of the cell surface [ 20 ]. Thus, the pharmaceutically important β-carboline-based natural products are advantageous for medicinal and organic research, while 1,3 disubstituted THβCs are reported to be synthetically and biologically interesting analogs [ 35 ].…”
A series of tetrahydro-ß-carbolines substituted with an alkyl or acyl side chain was synthesized and screened for its antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi (Bipolaris oryzae, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium semitectum, and Fusarium fujikuroi). The structure activity relationship revealed that the substituent at the piperidine nitrogen plays an important role for increasing antifungal activities. In this series, 2-octyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (3g) displayed potent antifungal activities with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.1 μg/mL, including good inhibitory activity to the radial growth of fungus at a concentration of 100 μg/mL compared to amphotericin B.
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