Design strategies to rhodamine analogue fluorophores for near-infrared II biological imaging applications

Liu, Chuangjun; Scott, Colleen N.

doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2021.109792

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…NIR‐II light can penetrate more deeply into biological tissues and diminish background autofluorescence at this long‐wavelength window [56] . Therefore, fluorescence imaging or sensing in the NIR‐II region has attracted growing attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NIR-II light can penetrate more deeply into biological tissues and diminish background autofluorescence at this long-wavelength window. [56] Therefore, fluorescence imaging or sensing in the NIR-II region has attracted growing attention. In the past few decades, many NIR-II cyanine fluorophores and fluorescent probes have been established for deep-tissue bioimaging with high contrast and sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress of Cyanine Fluorophores for NIR‐II Sensing and Imaging

Zhou

Ren

2022

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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The cyanine fluorophores, a kind of classic organic fluorophores, are famous for their high extinction coefficient, simple synthetic route, and relatively long absorption and emission wavelengths. Moreover, the excellent biocompatibility and low toxicity in biological samples make cyanine fluorophores show excellent application value in the biomedical field, especially in Near-Infrared II (NIR-II) sensing and imaging. In this review, we briefly outline the history, characteristics, and current state of development of cyanine fluorophores. In particular, we described the application of cyanine fluorophores in NIR-II sensing and imaging. We hope this review can help researchers grab the latest information in the fast-growing field of cyanine fluorophores for NIR-II sensing and imaging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Cyanine Fluorophores for NIR‐II Sensing and Imaging

Zhou

Ren

2022

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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“…[45,46,51] Many strategies have been employed to shift the emission of xanthene dyes towards deep red to the NIR region and to have larger Stokes shift. [41,52,[61][62][63][64][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] A well-known strategy is to form a xanthene hybrid by combing xanthene derivatives with other fluorophores. [60,61] One of the advantages of this strategy is that the resulting hybrid fluorophore retains the advantageous properties of the individual fluorophores.…”

Section: Xanthene Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Red to NIR Emitting Xanthene Hybrids: Xanthene‐Hemicyanine Hybrids and Xanthene‐Coumarin Hybrids

Khan

Sekar

2023

ChemistrySelect

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Xanthene dyes exhibit remarkable photophysical properties and photostability. Their ability to switch fluorescence on/off depending on the external environment makes them a promising candidate for imaging/sensing/tracking/labeling probes. However, their emission � 600 nm and Stokes shift ∼ 34 nm restrict their use in biological applications. A wellknown approach to shifting the emission of xanthene dyes in the deep red to Near infrared (NIR) is by forming xanthene hybrids. This review gives a comprehensive list of the deep red to NIR xanthene-hemicyanine and xanthene-coumarin hybrids. We have outlined general synthetic strategies and a detailed discussion of substituent effect, π-conjugation, and ring effect on the photophysical properties of these dyes. A section on applications of deep red to NIR xanthene hybrids based on fluorophore-linker strategy and spirocyclization is included. This review highlights the structure-spectroscopic relationships, which will be useful in designing new deep red to NIR xanthene analogs.

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“…The highly versatile xanthene backbone allows for extensive structural modification, with the possibility to induce dramatic bathochromic shifts in absorption and emission through dye design. As a result, the 1PE bands of such fluorophores can range from green to NIR-II wavelengths (Liu and Scott, 2021), leading to the majority of current research being focused on the design of NIR-I to NIR-II 1P-absorbing xanthene dyes. To the best of our knowledge, only a small number of xanthene dyes have been specifically designed for 2PA in the NIR-II, but the vast number of commercially available probes in this family facilitates their use as a model for 2P measurements.…”

Section: Xanthene Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Photon Absorption: An Open Door to the NIR-II Biological Window?

et al. 2022

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The way in which photons travel through biological tissues and subsequently become scattered or absorbed is a key limitation for traditional optical medical imaging techniques using visible light. In contrast, near-infrared wavelengths, in particular those above 1000 nm, penetrate deeper in tissues and undergo less scattering and cause less photo-damage, which describes the so-called “second biological transparency window”. Unfortunately, current dyes and imaging probes have severely limited absorption profiles at such long wavelengths, and molecular engineering of novel NIR-II dyes can be a tedious and unpredictable process, which limits access to this optical window and impedes further developments. Two-photon (2P) absorption not only provides convenient access to this window by doubling the absorption wavelength of dyes, but also increases the possible resolution. This review aims to provide an update on the available 2P instrumentation and 2P luminescent materials available for optical imaging in the NIR-II window.

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Design strategies to rhodamine analogue fluorophores for near-infrared II biological imaging applications

Cited by 25 publications

References 51 publications

Recent Progress of Cyanine Fluorophores for NIR‐II Sensing and Imaging

Recent Progress of Cyanine Fluorophores for NIR‐II Sensing and Imaging

Deep Red to NIR Emitting Xanthene Hybrids: Xanthene‐Hemicyanine Hybrids and Xanthene‐Coumarin Hybrids

Two-Photon Absorption: An Open Door to the NIR-II Biological Window?

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