Design strategies of performance-enhanced Se cathodes for Li-Se batteries and beyond

Review of Separator Modification Strategies: Targeting Undesired Anion Transport in Room Temperature Sodium–Sulfur/Selenium/Iodine Batteries

“…A variety of metal compounds have strong chemical polarity intrinsically, which makes them favorable to adsorb PSs/PSes/PIs intermediates, effectively solving the “shuttle effect.” [ 120 ] Some of the metal compounds are also able to electrochemically catalyze the redox reaction of PSs/PSes/PIs. The catalyst has always been regarded as the most effective method to solve the problem of slow PSs/PSes/PIs reaction kinetics, thus effectively suppressing the “shuttle effect.” In general, adsorption and catalysis are a progressive relationship, with catalysis occurring after adsorption.…”

Carbon spheres with catalytic silver centres as selenium hosts for stable lithium–selenium batteries

“…28,29 Various strategies have been employed to mitigate the effect of polyselenide shuttling and low selenium utilization to overcome these issues. 30 Incorporation of carbon, 31,32 zeolite, 33 graphene, 34 CNT, 35 etc. in the cathode side, has been shown to enhance the performance of lithium-selenium batteries.…”

Advances in Selenium Sulfides Cathodes for Lithium/Selenium–Sulfur Batteries

“…Under the imperative of the Double Carbon Target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance responsiveness to climate change, there’s a growing need to shift focus away from fossil fuels toward high-performance energy storage. − Electrochemical energy storage stands out as a vital system among energy storage technologies due to its wide range of applications grounded in various redox reactions or Faraday effects. − Commercial lithium-ion batteries have achieved tremendous success in powering portable electronics but fall short of meeting the burgeoning energy demands, even at their full potential. − In the quest for advanced electric energy storage solutions, Li–S batteries have surfaced as an extremely viable option by virtue of their elevated theoretical energy density. − The sulfur cathode offers numerous advantages such as cost-effectiveness, abundance, nontoxicity, and high specific capacity. − However, its insulating nature and the challenges associated with polysulfides intermediates dissolution and volume expansion during the conversion of sulfur to Li 2 S result in limitations like low sulfur utilization, restricted rate performance, rapid capacity decay, and the notorious shuttle effect. − This shuttle effect triggers a parasitic reaction that causes a continuous loss of active substances, severely reducing the Coulombic efficiency and cycling stability. − Elemental selenium has surfaced as an alternative to sulfur because of its electrochemical properties and position in the periodic table with sulfur. Although Li–Se batteries have a marginally lower theoretical weight-based energy density compared to Li–S variants, they make up for it with an impressive theoretical volume-based energy density of 3254 mAh cm –3 , attributed to their high density (4.8 g cm –3 ). − A distinguishing feature of selenium is its semiconductive characteristics, which offer an electronic conductivity that is approximately 20 orders of magnitude greater than sulfur, along with a high discharge voltage. − These attributes contribute to greater lithium activity, better active materials utilization, superior rate performance, and increased overall energy density. − Nonetheless, the limited availability and consequent high cost of selenium on Earth, along with persistent challenges related to the shuttle effect and capa...…”