Design strategies of n-type conjugated polymers for organic thin-film transistors

Sui, Ying; Deng, Yunfeng; Du, Tian; Shi, Yong; Geng, Yanhou

doi:10.1039/c9qm00382g

Cited by 106 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Most reported conjugated polymers are p‐type semiconductors, in part due to the energy levels for electron (vs hole) transport relative to charge traps within the material. [ 77 ] Charge traps strongly influence material behavior, as there is evidence to suggest all semiconducting conjugated polymers are intrinsically ambipolar, but under normal material processing conditions charge trapping prevents n‐type transport. [ 78 ]…”

Section: Fundamental Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Bioelectronics: Using Highly Conjugated Polymers to Interface with Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues in the Human Body

Higgins

Fiego

Patrick

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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Conjugated polymers exhibit interesting material and optoelectronic properties that make them well‐suited to the development of biointerfaces. Their biologically relevant mechanical characteristics, ability to be chemically modified, and mixed electronic and ionic charge transport are captured within the diverse field of organic bioelectronics. Conjugated polymers are used in a wide range of device architectures, and cell and tissue scaffolds. These devices enable biosensing of many biomolecules, such as metabolites, nucleic acids, and more. Devices can be used to both stimulate and sense the behavior of cells and tissues. Similarly, tissue interfaces permit interaction with complex organs, aiding both fundamental biological understanding and providing new opportunities for stimulating regenerative behaviors and bioelectronic based therapeutics. Applications of these materials are broad, and much continues to be uncovered about their fundamental properties. This report covers the current understanding of the fundamentals of conjugated polymer biointerfaces and their interactions with biomolecules, cells, and tissues in the human body. An overview of current materials and devices is presented, along with highlighted major in vivo and in vitro applications. Finally, open research questions and opportunities are discussed.

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Section: Fundamental Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Bioelectronics: Using Highly Conjugated Polymers to Interface with Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues in the Human Body

Higgins

Fiego

Patrick

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…[ 7‐9 ] According to transporting charge carriers, OFETs can be divided into three types: p‐, n‐ and ambipolar ones. [ 10,11 ] Compared to p‐ and n‐type OFETs, which can only transport a unipolar charge carrier (hole or electron), ambipolar OFETs can simultaneously transport both. This greatly simplifies the fabrication of various logic circuits, the base components in modern electronics, because it does not need to use two kinds of materials having complementary p‐ and n‐type transporting natures.…”

Section: Background and Originality Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Both Electron and Hole Mobilities of an Ambipolar Polymer by Integrating Sodium Sulfonate‐Tethered Alkyl Side Chains^†

Liu

Khalil

et al. 2020

Chin. J. Chem.

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of main observation and conclusion High performance ambipolar organic semiconductors are highly desirable for organic logic circuits. Herein, we demonstrate the integration of sodium sulfonate (SS)-tethered sidechains into a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based ambipolar polymer (PDPP3T) can simultaneously improve its hole and electron transport performances either parallel or perpendicular to polymer film. Three SS-functionalized polymers (PDPP3T-xSS, x = 0.025, 0.05 and 0.10) were synthesized and studied. It was found that SS functionalization can reinforce interchain π-π interactions, slightly lower frontier orbital energy levels, produce more rod-like structures in film, and change chain-packing from edge-on to face-on fashion, but has little influence on thermal properties. More interestingly, organic field-effect transistors reported hole mobility of 0.27 ± 0.066 cm www.cjc.wiley-vch.de

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“…Benefiting from high electron deficiency, coplanar backbone conformation, and easy access, diketopyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole (DPP) is regarded as a remarkable electron‐accepting building block and has been widely applied for constructing donor–acceptor (D–A) polymer semiconductors in the past decade, showing substantial charge carrier mobility in OTFT devices . The highest OTFT mobility based on DPP‐incorporated polymer semiconductors has now surpassed 10 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ( Figure a) .…”

Section: Molecular Weights and Optical And Electrochemical Propertiementioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Bithiophene Imide Oligomer and Diketopyrrolopyrrole Copolymers for n‐Type Thin‐Film Transistors

Zhang

Tang

Sun

et al. 2019

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Polymer semiconductors have drawn much attention from both academia and industry due to their unique advantages for the fabrication of light-weight, largearea, low-cost, and flexible/stretchable electronic devices, such as organic thinfilm transistors (OTFTs) and organic solar cells (OSCs). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Recently, OTFTs have achieved promising device performance with charge carrier mobility exceeding that (0.1-1 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ) of amorphous silicon-based transistors. However, most of high-performance polymers exhibit p-type predominant or ambipolar transport characteristic in OTFT devices to date. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Due to the synthetic challenge and associated steric hindrance of highly electron-deficient building blocks, which are essential for n-type semiconductors, the development of n-type polymers far lagged behind the p-type or ambipolar analogues. [10,[16][17][18] Hence, in order to realize applications such as complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-like logic circuits and all-polymer solar cells, [18][19][20] it is highly urgent to design and synthesize high-performance n-type polymer semiconductors with comparable device performance characteristics, such as charge carrier mobility and device stability.Benefiting from high electron deficiency, coplanar backbone conformation, and easy access, diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP) is regarded as a remarkable electron-accepting building block and has been widely applied for constructing donor-acceptor (D-A) polymer semiconductors in the past decade, showing substantial charge carrier mobility in OTFT devices. [10,16,[21][22][23] The highest OTFT mobility based on DPP-incorporated polymer semiconductors has now surpassed 10 cm 2 V −1 s −1 (Figure 1a). [24] However, the electron-rich nature of the flanking thiophene moieties in DPP showed negative effects on the optimization of frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energy levels for n-type performance, resulting in a p-type dominating or ambipolar transport characteristic for most of the DPP-based copolymers (Figure 1a). [25][26][27] In this regard, copolymerizing DPP with another strong electron-acceptor co-unit should be an effective strategy for downshifting FMO energy levels, which is hence beneficial for achieving improved n-type performance due to Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based copolymers have received considerable attention as promising semiconducting materials for high-performance organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). However, these polymers typically exhibit p-type or ambipolar charge-transporting characteristics in OTFTs due to their high-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels. In this work, a new series of DPP-based n-type polymers have been developed by incorporating fused bithiophene imide oligomers (BTIn) into DPP polymers. The resulting copolymers BTIn-DPP show narrow band gaps as low as 1.27 eV and gradually down-shifted frontier molecular orbital energy levels upon the increment of imide group number. Benefiting from the coplanar backbone conforma...

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Design strategies of n-type conjugated polymers for organic thin-film transistors

Abstract: Four molecule design strategies of n-type conjugated polymers for organic thin-film transistors are summarized and discussed.

Cited by 106 publications

References 166 publications

Organic Bioelectronics: Using Highly Conjugated Polymers to Interface with Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues in the Human Body

Organic Bioelectronics: Using Highly Conjugated Polymers to Interface with Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues in the Human Body

Improving Both Electron and Hole Mobilities of an Ambipolar Polymer by Integrating Sodium Sulfonate‐Tethered Alkyl Side Chains^†

Fused Bithiophene Imide Oligomer and Diketopyrrolopyrrole Copolymers for n‐Type Thin‐Film Transistors

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Design strategies of n-type conjugated polymers for organic thin-film transistors

Abstract: Four molecule design strategies of n-type conjugated polymers for organic thin-film transistors are summarized and discussed.

Cited by 106 publications

References 166 publications

Organic Bioelectronics: Using Highly Conjugated Polymers to Interface with Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues in the Human Body

Organic Bioelectronics: Using Highly Conjugated Polymers to Interface with Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues in the Human Body

Improving Both Electron and Hole Mobilities of an Ambipolar Polymer by Integrating Sodium Sulfonate‐Tethered Alkyl Side Chains†

Fused Bithiophene Imide Oligomer and Diketopyrrolopyrrole Copolymers for n‐Type Thin‐Film Transistors

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Improving Both Electron and Hole Mobilities of an Ambipolar Polymer by Integrating Sodium Sulfonate‐Tethered Alkyl Side Chains^†