2007
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.11.018
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Design procedure for water/wastewater minimization: single contaminant

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Cited by 108 publications
(70 citation statements)
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“…In this study, a closed-loop cooling water system of a refinery is analysed to prove that the cooling tower load can be reduced by different configuration of the heat exchanger network using the KSD (Kim & Smith Design) graphical method, expanded by the principle based on the water sources diagram (WSD) 13 . The combination of these two methods is advantageous because it is easy to apply in different process features, and all calculations can be done by hand.…”
Section: Recirculating Cooling Water Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this study, a closed-loop cooling water system of a refinery is analysed to prove that the cooling tower load can be reduced by different configuration of the heat exchanger network using the KSD (Kim & Smith Design) graphical method, expanded by the principle based on the water sources diagram (WSD) 13 . The combination of these two methods is advantageous because it is easy to apply in different process features, and all calculations can be done by hand.…”
Section: Recirculating Cooling Water Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Water Sources Diagram (WSD) is classified in the second class mentioned and was developed by means of a heuristic procedure to synthesize water mass exchange network for a single contaminant (GOMES et al, 2007). However, real processes usually deal with multiple Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais  v.6 -n.1  Dez 2014, Jan, Fev, Mar, Abr, Mai 2015 P a g e | 127…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Castro et al (1999) desenvolveram uma metodologia para o alcance da meta do consumo mínimo de água de modo simultâneo à síntese da rede de transferência de massa, considerando situações de reúso e regeneração, para um contaminante. Gomes et al (2007) estenderam os trabalhos de Castro et al (1999) e Wang e Smith (1994a,b) por meio do algoritmo Diagrama de Fontes de Água (DFA). Foram testadas várias situações a partir do exemplo de Wang e Smith (1994a) para um contaminante, em opções como máximo reúso, múltiplas fontes de água, perdas de vazão referentes ao processo, restrições de vazão, regeneração com reúso, e regeneração com reciclo.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…O método DFA (Gomes et al, 2007) é um procedimento algorítmico-heurístico baseado em equações de balanço material e em regras heurísticas que procuram estabelecer conexões ótimas entre fontes e sumidouros de água, dentro do processo industrial. O procedimento divide o problema em intervalos de concentração, cujos limites são considerados como fontes internas de água, enquanto que a água primária e a água regenerada são definidas como fontes externas.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified