Design principles for non-reciprocal photomechanical actuation

Lahikainen, Markus; Zeng, Hao; Priimägi, Arri

doi:10.1039/d0sm00624f

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…By combining materials doped with dyes that have complementary absorption, color modulation can be introduced in the stimulus to control the movement asymmetry. [ 163 ] Control of forward and backward propulsion could be achieved by taking inspiration from a simple swimmer microrobot able to swim at low Reynolds numbers. [ 164 ] This microrobot consists of three spheres connected by two extendable bars of negligible thickness that sequentially elongate and contract in a nonreciprocal way.…”

Section: Challenges In the Fabrication And Optical Actuation Of Polymeric Microrobotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐Powered Microrobots: Challenges and Opportunities for Hard and Soft Responsive Microswimmers

Bunea

Martella

Nocentini

et al. 2021

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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30 ms, the helical chiral structure is reverted. Reproduced with permission. [127] Copyright 2017, The Authors, published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. C) Directional movement of an oscillating helix hydrogel-based microstructure confined between two glass surfaces. Reproduced with permission. [127] Copyright 2017, The Authors, published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. D) (Left) Superimposed images of a spiral rotor under irradiation for 0.5 s and relaxation for 0.5 s and (right) superimposition of the thresholded outline of the rotor at different times. Reproduced under the terms of the CC-BY license. [128] Copyright 2019, The Authors, published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. E) LCN-based swimmer microrobots. (Left) Schematic illustration of the bioinspired wormlike travelling wave deformation shape change occurring during homogeneous phase transition or illumination with a patterned light. (Middle, right) Optical images of a microtube displacement under travelling patterned irradiation. (Middle) Green overlays, direction according to green arrows, yellow dashed line is the reference position. (Right) Optical microscopy images of a microdisk locomotion along a square path-the travelling wave direction is indicated by the green arrows, and the disk's direction of travel to the next waypoint by the white arrows. Reproduced with permission. [134] Copyright 2016, Springer Nature.

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Section: Challenges In the Fabrication And Optical Actuation Of Polymeric Microrobotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐Powered Microrobots: Challenges and Opportunities for Hard and Soft Responsive Microswimmers

Bunea

Martella

Nocentini

et al. 2021

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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“…Resins [65], functionalized PCL [66], functionalized PLA [67], polyurethan, wax [48], DiAPLEX [68], other polymers [69,70] Magnetization Elastomers [71][72][73], resin [74], SMP (DiAPLEX [68], other [74]), low melting point alloy (LMPA) (Cerrolow 117) [75], magnet [75,76], magnetic particles [68,[71][72][73][74] Liquid Crystal (LC) LCE [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84], LCN [85][86][87] Dielectric Elastomer Actuator (DEA) Elastomers [88], LCE [89], polyethylene [90] Twisted and Coiled Polymer (TCP) Nylon 6,6 [91][92][93], polyethylene [91] Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC)…”

Section: Shape Memory Polymer (Smp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This way of introducing anisotropy in the transducer is further discussed in Section 2.4.3. Several works describing LCE [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84] and LC polymer [85][86][87]-based actuators have been reviewed and are compared to other transducers in Section 2.5. An interesting feature of LC is that the phase change can be obtained using different stimuli.…”

Section: Soft Anisotropic Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An interesting feature of LC is that the phase change can be obtained using different stimuli. The three main actuation modes are thermal [77][78][79][80][81]83], where the LC is directly heated; photothermal [82,84,87], where heat is generated in situ using light; and photochemical [85,86]. Photothermal and photochemical actuation can occur in parallel [82,85].…”

Section: Soft Anisotropic Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is typically the case with SMP [66]. LC deformation can be guided using localized laser stimulus [85] or structured light [82]. Finally, IMPC intrinsic anisotropy can be used as is [95].…”

Section: Extrinsic Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Programmable Stimuli-Responsive Actuators for Complex Motions in Soft Robotics: Concept, Design and Challenges

et al. 2020

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During the last years, great progress was made in material science in terms of concept, design and fabrication of new composite materials with conferred properties and desired functionalities. The scientific community paid particular interest to active soft materials, such as soft actuators, for their potential as transducers responding to various stimuli aiming to produce mechanical work. Inspired by this, materials engineers today are developing multidisciplinary approaches to produce new active matters, focusing on the kinematics allowed by the material itself more than on the possibilities offered by its design. Traditionally, more complex motions beyond pure elongation and bending are addressed by the robotics community. The present review targets encompassing and rationalizing a framework which will help a wider scientific audience to understand, sort and design future soft actuators and methods enabling complex motions. Special attention is devoted to recent progress in developing innovative stimulus-responsive materials and approaches for complex motion programming for soft robotics. In this context, a challenging overview of the new materials as well as their classification and comparison (performances and characteristics) are proposed. In addition, the great potential of soft transducers are outlined in terms of kinematic capabilities, illustrated by the related application. Guidelines are provided to design actuators and to integrate asymmetry enabling motions along any of the six basic degrees of freedom (translations and rotations), and strategies towards the programming of more complex motions are discussed. As a final note, a series of manufacturing methods are described and compared, from molding to 3D and 4D printing. The review ends with a Perspectives section, from material science and microrobotic points of view, on the soft materials’ future and close future challenges to be overcome.

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Self‐Steering Lasing System Enabled by Flexible Photo‐Actuators with Sandwich Structure

Zhang

Lin

Yeh³

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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With the flourishing development of artificial intelligence, lasing with tailored features generated by photonic crystal (PhC) lasers has been playing a more important part in the optics field and in potential applications of self‐control, light detection and ranging, telecommunications, and holography imaging. As an information vehicle, the optical beam's maneuverability is influenced by the working wavelength, direction, and efficiency of the laser. Liquid crystal (LC)‐based mirrorless lasers are widely investigated in manipulating the tuning of emission wavelength. Realizing fast self‐steering of the laser beam to tune the emission direction is challenging because of the limitation on the complex and expensive inorganic fabrication and circuit design. In this work, a self‐steered lasing from a defect‐mode sandwich film composed of photomechanical deformable azobenzene cholesteric LC elastomer (CLCE) PhC layers and an isotropic gain interlayer is demonstrated. On the basis of the great light‐deformability of the CLCE, the output single‐mode lasing emission of the sandwich‐film laser can be steered quickly by UV irradiation in a wide angular tuning range of ≈±57°. This flexible, portable, and durable laser system with controllable beam‐steering and mechanical robustness is envisioned to open a gate for autonomous vehicles, self‐sustaining machines, and optical devices with the core feature of photomechanical conversion.

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Design principles for non-reciprocal photomechanical actuation

Abstract:
Non-reciprocal motions are a sequence of movements exhibiting time-reversal asymmetry. This work introduces design principles for non-reciprocal light-triggered actuation and self-oscillation.

Cited by 19 publications

References 72 publications

Light‐Powered Microrobots: Challenges and Opportunities for Hard and Soft Responsive Microswimmers

Light‐Powered Microrobots: Challenges and Opportunities for Hard and Soft Responsive Microswimmers

Programmable Stimuli-Responsive Actuators for Complex Motions in Soft Robotics: Concept, Design and Challenges

Self‐Steering Lasing System Enabled by Flexible Photo‐Actuators with Sandwich Structure

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Design principles for non-reciprocal photomechanical actuation

Abstract: Non-reciprocal motions are a sequence of movements exhibiting time-reversal asymmetry. This work introduces design principles for non-reciprocal light-triggered actuation and self-oscillation.

Cited by 19 publications

References 72 publications

Light‐Powered Microrobots: Challenges and Opportunities for Hard and Soft Responsive Microswimmers

Light‐Powered Microrobots: Challenges and Opportunities for Hard and Soft Responsive Microswimmers

Programmable Stimuli-Responsive Actuators for Complex Motions in Soft Robotics: Concept, Design and Challenges

Self‐Steering Lasing System Enabled by Flexible Photo‐Actuators with Sandwich Structure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Abstract:
Non-reciprocal motions are a sequence of movements exhibiting time-reversal asymmetry. This work introduces design principles for non-reciprocal light-triggered actuation and self-oscillation.