Design, physical prototyping and initial characterisation of ‘lockyballs’

Rezende, Rodrigo Alvarenga; Pereira, Frederico D. A. S.; Kasyanov, Vladimir; Ovsianikov, Aleksandr; Torgensen, Jan; Gruber, Peter; Stampfl, Jürgen; Brakke, Kenneth A.; Nogueira, Júlia A.; Mironov, Vladimir; Silva, Jorge Vicente Lopes da

doi:10.1080/17452759.2012.740877

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The mathematical modeling and computer simulation using Surface Evolver software indicate a 25% of compaction during spheroid formation after cell plating [17]. Therefore, lockyballs must be completely covered with cells during cellularization and, after cell compaction spheroids could be formed inside lockyballs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach guaranteed high-density cell seeding inside lockyballs. However, effective spheroid formation into lockyballs using micro-molded non-adhesive hydrogel method needs careful consideration including: i) the ratio between the diameter of resection and the external diameter of microscaffold, ii) the ratio between microscaffold pore diameter and cell diameter, and, finally, iii) theoretically calculated 25% retraction of cell aggregates during their transition into a more cohesive spheroid [17] (Fig 6). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanically interlockable microscaffolds or simply “lockyballs” were designed using the graphic design software 3D STUDIO MAX (AUTODESK®) as described in our previous publication [17]. The design of lockyballs was transformed into STereoLithography STL-file suitable for additive manufacturing using open source medical image treatment software InVesalius which was originally developed at the Division of 3D Technology of Renato Archer Center for Information Technology (Campinas, Brazil) [http://svn.softwarepublico.gov.br/trac/invesalius].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For 2PP a Ti:sapphire laser (Femtotrain EC-800-100FS, HighQ) delivering 100 fs pulses at a repetition rate of 73 MHz at approximately 810 nm was used. The final steps were as previously reported [17]. The laser beam was focused into the material by a conventional 20 x microscope objective (NA = 0,8; Carl Zeiss).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lockyballs are spheroidal microscaffolds, small enough to be injected into tissues (200μm), specially designed with hooks and loops [17] for better retention, and multiple spheroids aggregation after transplantation. Thus, tissue constructs biofabricated from spheroids formed into lockyballs could be capable of withstanding physiological level of compression and mechanical loading after implantation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delivery of Human Adipose Stem Cells Spheroids into Lockyballs

et al. 2016

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Adipose stem cells (ASCs) spheroids show enhanced regenerative effects compared to single cells. Also, spheroids have been recently introduced as building blocks in directed self-assembly strategy. Recent efforts aim to improve long-term cell retention and integration by the use of microencapsulation delivery systems that can rapidly integrate in the implantation site. Interlockable solid synthetic microscaffolds, so called lockyballs, were recently designed with hooks and loops to enhance cell retention and integration at the implantation site as well as to support spheroids aggregation after transplantation. Here we present an efficient methodology for human ASCs spheroids biofabrication and lockyballs cellularization using micro-molded non-adhesive agarose hydrogel. Lockyballs were produced using two-photon polymerization with an estimated mechanical strength. The Young’s modulus was calculated at level 0.1362 +/-0.009 MPa. Interlocking in vitro test demonstrates high level of loading induced interlockability of fabricated lockyballs. Diameter measurements and elongation coefficient calculation revealed that human ASCs spheroids biofabricated in resections of micro-molded non-adhesive hydrogel had a more regular size distribution and shape than spheroids biofabricated in hanging drops. Cellularization of lockyballs using human ASCs spheroids did not alter the level of cells viability (p › 0,999) and gene fold expression for SOX-9 and RUNX2 (p › 0,195). The biofabrication of ASCs spheroids into lockyballs represents an innovative strategy in regenerative medicine, which combines solid scaffold-based and directed self-assembly approaches, fostering opportunities for rapid in situ biofabrication of 3D building-blocks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delivery of Human Adipose Stem Cells Spheroids into Lockyballs

et al. 2016

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Inkjet‐ and Extrusion‐Based Technologies

et al. 2016

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Multiphoton Lithography as a Promising Tool for Biomedical Applications

Gréant

Durme

Hoorick

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Multiphoton lithography (MPL) is a powerful and useful structuring tool capable of generating 2D and 3D arbitrary micro‐ and nanometer features of various materials with high spatial resolution down to nm‐scale. This technology has received tremendous interest in tissue engineering and medical device manufacturing, due to its ability to print sophisticated structures, which is difficult to achieve through traditional printing methods. Thorough consideration of two‐photon photoinitiators (PIs) and photoreactive biomaterials is key to the fabrication of such complex 3D micro‐ and nanostructures. In the current review, different types of two‐photon PIs are discussed for their use in biomedical applications. Next, an overview of biomaterials (both natural and synthetic polymers) along with their crosslinking mechanisms is provided. Finally, biomedical applications exploiting MPL are presented, including photocleaving and photopatterning strategies, biomedical devices, tissue engineering, organoids, organ‐on‐chip, and photodynamic therapy. This review offers a helicopter view on the use of MPL technology in the biomedical field and defines the necessary considerations toward selection or design of PIs and photoreactive biomaterials to serve a multitude of biomedical applications.

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Design, physical prototyping and initial characterisation of ‘lockyballs’

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Delivery of Human Adipose Stem Cells Spheroids into Lockyballs

Delivery of Human Adipose Stem Cells Spheroids into Lockyballs

Inkjet‐ and Extrusion‐Based Technologies

Multiphoton Lithography as a Promising Tool for Biomedical Applications

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