Design optimization of X-ray security scanner based on dual-energy transmission imaging with variable tube voltage

Park, Junsung; Seo, Hee

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/c01063

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…241 Am emits gamma-rays with a primary energy of 59.5 keV (yield: 35.9% per decay) [15]. Appropriately, the gamma-ray energy of 241 Am is similar to the average energy of the X-rays produced by a 160 kV RG [3]. The measurement setup is shown in figure 1(a).…”

Section: Experiments With Radioactive Isotopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, most X-ray security scanners operate at a fixed tube voltage, specifically 160 kV [1,2], which limits their effectiveness in identifying objects with low-density and/or thinly coated organics. To address this limitation, our research has focused on developing an X-ray scanner that uses variable tube voltage according to the physical/chemical properties of the object being inspected [3]. To facilitate this, the design of an X-ray security scanner with variable tube voltage ranging from 80 to 160 kV was optimized using both Geant4 [4] and MCNP [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental validation of Monte Carlo simulation model for X-ray security scanner

Park,

An,

Yoon

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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Transmission X-ray security scanners are deployed to detect smuggling of contraband articles, including weapons, narcotics, and explosives, for the purposes of homeland security. Current X-ray scanners use a fixed tube voltage (i.e., 160 kV); hence, they have a limitation in detecting thinly coated and/or low-density objects. To overcome this limitation, we are developing an X-ray scanner that applies variable tube voltage according to the physical/chemical properties of the object being inspected. To this end, in our previous study, Monte Carlo simulations with Geant4 (GEometry ANd Tracking4) and MCNP (Monte Carlo N Particle) were performed to optimize the design of the X-ray scanner for variable tube voltages. The MCNP was used to simulate the radiation generator for the X-ray source term, and the Geant4 was used to optimize the design of the dual-energy detector and to obtain the detector counts. In the present study, we experimentally validated the reliability of the Monte Carlo simulation model for the X-ray scanner. An 241Am source and a radiation generator were employed in this validation. For the 241Am source, the dual-energy detector signal was measured at a distance of 1 cm from the detector. In the case of the radiation generator, the source-to-object distance and the source-to-detector distance were 70 cm and 120 cm, respectively, as used in a typical X-ray security scanner. The tube voltage and the current were 140 kV and 10 mA, respectively. To obtain the X-ray images, the object was scanned while moving at a speed of 0.2 m/s on a conveyor system. The X-ray source term used in the simulation was obtained by monoenergetic-electron-beam bombardment onto the target. 4-D simulations were performed for the moving object. To validate the simulation model, we compared the simulated and measured image profiles, as well as the pixel counts of the dual-energy detector. The percent differences between the simulated and measured pixel counts and the image profiles were all within 5%. Thus, we concluded that our simulation model for the X-ray scanner can be considered to be reliable.

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Section: Experiments With Radioactive Isotopementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental validation of Monte Carlo simulation model for X-ray security scanner

Park,

An,

Yoon

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

Self Cite

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“…To estimate effective atomic numbers, data obtained from the High-Energy layer and Low-Energy layer of the detectors are subjected to some image pre-processing in many studies. [18][19][20] Then, Z ef f predictions of the objects are made by utilizing the previously obtained characteristic Z ef f -Ratio equation of each system. [14][15][16] As previously mentioned, the Z ef f -R equation varies based on the topology of each system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D effective atomic number estimation for x-ray security inspection systems

Yalçın

2024

Anomaly Detection and Imaging With X-Rays (ADIX) IX

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Public places, such as airports, factories, public institutions, and organizations, require advanced security measures. X-Ray systems are often used to check passengers' luggage. Researchers and technologists are constantly working to improve the baggage-checking process by implementing various methods. This study introduces a new method for estimating the effective atomic number. Traditionally, effective atomic number estimation relies on the ratio between high-energy and low-energy images. However, the 3D Effective Atomic Number Estimation model uses high-energy and low-energy image values directly, resolving many issues of the 1D-Ratio model.

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Design optimization of X-ray security scanner based on dual-energy transmission imaging with variable tube voltage

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Experimental validation of Monte Carlo simulation model for X-ray security scanner

Experimental validation of Monte Carlo simulation model for X-ray security scanner

3D effective atomic number estimation for x-ray security inspection systems

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