Design, optimization and characterization of coenzyme Q10- and D-panthenyl triacetate-loaded liposomes

Abstract

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid-soluble molecule found naturally in many eukaryotic cells and is essential for electron transport chain and energy generation in mitochondria. D-Panthenyl triacetate (PTA) is an oil-soluble derivative of D-panthenol, which is essential for coenzyme A synthesis in the epithelium. Liposomal formulations that encapsulate both ingredients were prepared and optimized by applying response surface methodology for increased stability and skin penetration. The optimum formulation comprised 4.17 mg CoQ10, 4.22 mg PTA and 13.95 mg cholesterol per 100 mg of soy phosphatidylcholine. The encapsulation efficiency of the optimized formulation for CoQ10 and PTA was found to be 90.89%±3.61% and 87.84%±4.61%, respectively. Narrow size distribution was achieved with an average size of 161.6±3.6 nm, while a spherical and uniform shape was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images. Cumulative release of 90.93% for PTA and 24.41% for CoQ10 was achieved after 24 hours of in vitro release study in sink conditions. Physical stability tests indicated that the optimized liposomes were suitable for storage at 4°C for at least 60 days. The results suggest that the optimized liposomal formulation would be a promising delivery system for both ingredients in various topical applications.

Development of hydrophilic gels containing coenzyme Q10-loaded liposomes: characterization, stability and rheology measurements

“…0.20 ± 0.001 indicated homogeneous population of liposomes (Table 2). This was in accordance with the studies of other authors who also achieved to develop Q 10 -loaded liposomes of particle size less than 200 nm and of satisfactory homogeneity [29,30]. The storage of liposomes LD1 at different temperatures (4 °C, RT and 40 °C) for 6 months revealed that their particle size did not change significantly when they were stored at 4 °C and RT, compared to their initial values.…”

Micellization of coenzyme Q by the fungicide caspofungin allows for safe intravenous administration to reach extreme supraphysiological concentrations

“…S4 ). The aqueous solubility of CoQ 10 by itself is reported to be around 0.7 ng/ml [ 66 ]. Therefore, a CoQ 10 concentration of >2 mM indicates an >2.4 × 10 6 fold increase of solubility.…”

Risperidone mucoadhesive buccal tablets: formulation design, optimization and evaluation

“…Response was predicted by the following quadratic polynomial equation ( Equation 4 ): where Y represents the predicted response, A and B indicate the independent variables, β 0 is the intercept value, β 1 and β 2 are linear coefficients of the model, β 12 is interaction coefficient, while β 11 and β 22 are quadratic coefficients. 28 , 29 …”