Design of Vulcanization Intermediates with Low Steric Hindrance Contributing to Vulcanization Network Formation

Hou, Z.; Xie, Wenhui; Liu, Guixiang; Liao, Shuangquan; Luo, Ming‐Chao

doi:10.1021/acsapm.3c00624

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(55 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Figure 4 b shows that the 300% modulus of before aging rubber increases slightly as the zinc oxide content increases. This is because zinc oxide is an activator that accelerates the vulcanization rate of rubber [ 43 , 44 ]. Zinc oxide (ZnO) plays a pivotal role in the vulcanization of rubber by serving as an activator for the cross-linking reactions between sulfur (S) and rubber molecules.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement of an Environmentally Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film with Superior Sealing Properties

Suchat,

Boonrasri

2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Common kitchen wraps like plastic and aluminum foil create significant environmental burdens. Plastic wrap, typically made from non-renewable fossil fuels, often ends up in landfills for centuries, breaking down into harmful microplastics. Aluminum foil, while effective, requires a large amount of energy to produce, and recycling it at home can be impractical due to food residue. A promising new alternative, low-nitrosamine rubber wrap film, aims to reduce waste by offering a reusable option compared to traditional single-use plastic wrap. The film is environmentally friendly, durable, and effective in sealing containers and keeping food fresh or crispy. The raw materials used to make the product were studied, namely fresh and concentrated natural rubber latex. No nitrosamines were found in either the fresh or concentrated latex, which is important as nitrosamines are known to be carcinogenic. The absence of nitrosamines in the raw materials suggests that the universal rubber wrap film is safe for use. In this study, the rubber formulation and properties of rubber used to make rubber wrap film were studied. The content of additives affecting the rubber properties was varied to find the optimum rubber formulation for making rubber wrap films. The rubber formulation with the least amount of chemicals that met the following criteria was selected: tensile strength of at least 15 MPa, elongation at break of at least 600%, and nitrosamine content below 6 ppm. It was found experimentally that the optimum rubber formulation for making a translucent rubber film had 0.7 phr zinc oxide and 1.0 phr sulfur. Performance tests revealed the rubber wrap film’s superior sealing capabilities. Its elasticity allows for a tighter fit on containers, effectively conforming to various shapes and creating an optimal seal compared to plastic wrap and aluminum foil. The results of this study provide valuable information for developing a universal rubber wrap film that is safe with low nitrosamines.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement of an Environmentally Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film with Superior Sealing Properties

Suchat,

Boonrasri

2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Promoting the ring‐opening of sulfur is beneficial to vulcanization reactions. According to the previous work, the ring‐opening of sulfur is ascribed to ZnO withdrawing electrons of sulfur rings by coordinating interactions 14,15 . Also, the ability of nucleophiles to induce the ring‐opening of sulfur has been demonstrated in studies of inverse vulcanization 16–18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…According to the above methods, activation energy ( E a ) of vulcanization was obtained 4,15,21 . First, different vulcanization curves were obtained at different temperatures by vulcameter (GOTECH M‐3000 AU).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleophiles realizing the reduction of ZnO content for vulcanization accompanied by the improvement in thermo‐oxidative resistance for vulcanized isoprene rubbers

Xie,

Hou,

Liu

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

At present, vulcanization is an indispensable process in rubber industries and ZnO is an important ingredient in vulcanization reactions. However, ZnO is toxic to aquatic organisms and the use of ZnO is unfavorable to the sustainable development of rubber industry. The decrease of ZnO content without the reduction in properties of rubbers has been an open question in rubber industries. In this work, our group designs nucleophiles with an ability to open the ring of sulfur. With the decrease of ZnO content, the addition of nucleophiles maintains the ring‐opening capacity of sulfur. As a result, changes in several properties of rubbers such as tensile strength, tear strength, and crosslinking density are negligible with the reduction of ZnO content. Also, the thermo‐oxidative resistance of rubbers improves dramatically with the decrease of ZnO content and addition of nucleophiles. Through designing nucleophiles to reduce the content of ZnO, this work provides a strategy to develop sustainable rubber industries.

show abstract

“…shows that the 300% modulus of before aging rubber increases slightly as zinc oxide content increases. This is because zinc oxide is a activator that accelerates the vulcanization rate of rubber [33,34]. Zinc oxide activates the catalyst, making it more reactive.…”

Section: The Effect Of Zinc Oxide (Zno) Content On the Properties Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement of an Eco-Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film Exhibiting Superior Sealing Properties

Suchat,

Boonrasri

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rubber wrap film is a promising new product that could have a positive impact on the en-vironment. The film is environmentally friendly, durable, and effective in sealing containers and keeping food fresh or crispy. The raw materials used to make the product were studied, namely fresh and concentrated natural rubber latex. No nitrosamines were found in either fresh or concentrated latex, which is important as nitrosamines are known to be carcinogenic. The absence of nitrosamines in the raw materials suggests that the universal rubber wrap film is safe for use. In this study, the rubber formulation and properties of rubber used to make rubber wrap film were studied. The content of additives affecting rubber properties was varied to find the optimum rubber formulation for making rubber wrap film. The rubber formulation with the least amount of chemicals that met the following criteria was selected: tensile strength at least 15 MPa, elongation at break at least 600%, and nitrosamine content below 6 ppm. It was found experimentally that the optimum rubber formulation for making a translucent rubber film had 0.7 phr zinc oxide and 1.0 phr sulfur. In actual use tests it was found that the translucent rubber wrap sealed containers more tightly than a PE plastic film or aluminum foil, because of its elasticity. This allows the rubber film to conform to the shape of the container more closely, creating a tighter seal. The results of this study provide valuable information for developing a universal rubber wrap film that is safe with low nitrosamines.

show abstract

Design of Vulcanization Intermediates with Low Steric Hindrance Contributing to Vulcanization Network Formation

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Advancement of an Environmentally Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film with Superior Sealing Properties

Advancement of an Environmentally Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film with Superior Sealing Properties

Nucleophiles realizing the reduction of ZnO content for vulcanization accompanied by the improvement in thermo‐oxidative resistance for vulcanized isoprene rubbers

Advancement of an Eco-Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film Exhibiting Superior Sealing Properties

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About