Design of turbulent tangential micro-mixers that mix liquids on the nanosecond time scale

Mitić, Sandra; Nieuwkasteele, Jan William van; Berg, Albert van den; Vries, Simon de

doi:10.1016/j.ab.2014.10.003

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The method is validated by the experimentally characterised concentration distributions inside a T-mixer by planar laser induced fluorescence [13] and a cyclone mixer [18] as shown in Fig. S1 and Fig.…”

Section: Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in contrast to a normal rectangular T-mixer with two opposite inlets (called jet flow), a T mixer with non-aligned tangential inlets displays higher mixing efficiency within a wide range of Reynolds number, by creating a vortex where both streams intertwine with each other [16,17]. In addition, cyclone mixers, with multi tangential inlets, have the shortest published mixing time of 160 ns by far [18,19]. Parametric studies of the mixing efficiency of cyclone mixers have been carried out experimentally, by monitoring the concentration distribution of fluorescence dye [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, cyclone mixers, with multi tangential inlets, have the shortest published mixing time of 160 ns by far [18,19]. Parametric studies of the mixing efficiency of cyclone mixers have been carried out experimentally, by monitoring the concentration distribution of fluorescence dye [18]. Concentration profiles captured by fluorescence microscope indicates high mixing efficiency at a low Reynolds number of 3.2 inside a cyclone mixer with 8 inlets [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rational design of the inlet configuration of flow systems for enhanced mixing

et al. 2021

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High mass transfer rate is a key advantage of microreactors however, under their characteristic laminar flow, it is dominated by slow diffusion rather than fast convection. In this paper, we demonstrate how the configuration of the inlet, i.e. mixers, can promote different flow patterns to greatly enhance mixing efficiency downstream. A systematic evaluation and comparison of different widely adopted mixers as well as advanced designs is presented using a combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and backward particle tracking to accurately calculate diffusion, in the absence of numerical diffusion (false diffusion). In the method, the convection contributed concentration profile is obtained by tracking sampling points from a cross-sectional plane to the inlet point, and diffusion is estimated subsequently. In conventional T- and Y-mixers, the shape of channel, circular or square, is key with only the latter promoting engulfment flow. In cyclone mixers, the resulting average inlet velocity, independent of Reynolds number or geometry, is the dominating design parameter to predict mixing efficiency. This work will serve as a guideline for the design of efficient flow systems with predicted mixing as a way of maximising selectivity and product quality.

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Section: Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rational design of the inlet configuration of flow systems for enhanced mixing

et al. 2021

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“…Previously, the development and implementation of a two‐stage four‐stream tangential micro‐mixer has been reported [38] . Kinetic characterization by fluorescence emission spectroscopy showed complete mixing within late nanoseconds, [38–39] which scales down to mid nanoseconds in the setup reported here, yielding the fastest known mixing device (SI1 Figures 1S9–1S12 and discussion therein). In this work, we report large temperature‐jump (LTJ) as the additional method of triggering the reaction, evaluated in SI4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Large Temperature‐Jump and Nanosecond Hyperquenching for Time‐Resolved Structural Studies

Cherepanov

Schwalbe

2023

Chemistry Methods

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The quest for atomic structures of microsecond reaction intermediates is at the frontline of modern biochemistry. Currently, there is a clear lack of experimental methods for preparing necessary time-resolved samples. Here, we report the development of a single-turnover technique for nanosecond initiation and suspension of biomolecular reactions with kinetic resolution in the microsecond time domain. Reactions can be started by large temperature-jump or direct mixing and arrested by hyperquenching in liquid cryogen at a target temperature of 77 K. Diverse morphology of nanoscale glassy bodies feature among others thin field-of-view plane sheets that can be used for structure analyses of freeze-trapped macromolecules by transmission electron cryomicroscopy. We also report the ultra-high vacuum sublimation at 77 K -a novel method for concentrating reaction intermediates for structural studies by low-temperature techniques.

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“…We have reported on an earlier version of the mixing device as part of of a rapid-freeze machine [ 7 ]. Also, we have earlier analyzed fundamental properties of the present mixer in the form of a transparent glass-silicon replica [ 8 ]. Additional description ( S1 – S3 Technical drawing) is available to support reconstruction of the instrument in other laboratories.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsecond time-scale kinetics of transient biochemical reactions

et al. 2017

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To afford mechanistic studies in enzyme kinetics and protein folding in the microsecond time domain we have developed a continuous-flow microsecond time-scale mixing instrument with an unprecedented dead-time of 3.8 ± 0.3 μs. The instrument employs a micro-mixer with a mixing time of 2.7 μs integrated with a 30 mm long flow-cell of 109 μm optical path length constructed from two parallel sheets of silver foil; it produces ultraviolet-visible spectra that are linear in absorbance up to 3.5 with a spectral resolution of 0.4 nm. Each spectrum corresponds to a different reaction time determined by the distance from the mixer outlet, and by the fluid flow rate. The reaction progress is monitored in steps of 0.35 μs for a total duration of ~600 μs. As a proof of principle the instrument was used to study spontaneous protein refolding of pH-denatured cytochrome c. Three folding intermediates were determined: after a novel, extremely rapid initial phase with τ = 4.7 μs, presumably reflecting histidine re-binding to the iron, refolding proceeds with time constants of 83 μs and 345 μs to a coordinatively saturated low-spin iron form in quasi steady state. The time-resolution specifications of our spectrometer for the first time open up the general possibility for comparison of real data and molecular dynamics calculations of biomacromolecules on overlapping time scales.

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Design of turbulent tangential micro-mixers that mix liquids on the nanosecond time scale

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Rational design of the inlet configuration of flow systems for enhanced mixing

Rational design of the inlet configuration of flow systems for enhanced mixing

Large Temperature‐Jump and Nanosecond Hyperquenching for Time‐Resolved Structural Studies

Microsecond time-scale kinetics of transient biochemical reactions

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