Design of Traffic Signs

Lay, M G

doi:10.1201/9780203457412.ch3

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…After World War II, the UN took responsibility for traffic sign harmonisation and the Geneva Protocol on Traffic Signs and Signals defined 24 road traffic signs (World Bank, 1949). The Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals from 1968 included 41 traffic signs integrated in a European and American system which was ratified by 56 countries (Lay, 2004). However, since 1968, individual countries have introduced or abolished particular signs or pictograms to meet their own needs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is three the magic number? The role of ergonomic principles in cross country comprehension of road traffic signs

Jamson

Mrozek

2016

Ergonomics

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Article:Jamson, SL orcid.org/0000-0001-8166-0403 and Mrozek, M (2016) Is three the magic number? The role of ergonomic principles in cross country comprehension of road traffic signs. Ergonomics, 60 (7 ReuseUnless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. Is three the magic number ABSTRACTRoad sign comprehension plays an important part in road safety management, particularly for those drivers who are travelling in an unfamiliar country. Previous research has established that comprehension can be improved if signs are designed to adhere to ergonomic principles. However, it may be difficult for sign designers to incorporate all the principles into a single sign and may thus have to make a judgement as to the most effective ones. This study surveyed drivers in three countries to ascertain their understanding of a range of road signs, each of which conformed in varying degrees and combinations to the ergonomic principles. We found that using three of the principles was the most effective and that the most important one was that relating to standardisation; the colours and shapes used were key to comprehension. Other concepts which related to physical and spatial characteristics were less important, whilst conceptual compatibility did not aid comprehension at all.Practitioner Summary: This study explores how road sign comprehension can be improved using ergonomic principles, with particular reference to cross-border drivers. It was found that comprehension can be improved significantly if standardisation is adhered to and if at least three principles are used.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is three the magic number? The role of ergonomic principles in cross country comprehension of road traffic signs

Jamson

Mrozek

2016

Ergonomics

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“…Best practice in terms of sign design e.g. font and colour, and co-location configuration is not evaluated, however it is acknowledged that these aspects may impact the ability of drivers to accurately extract and use relevant information (Schnell, Yekhshatyan & Daiker, 2009 there is evidence to suggest that roadside advertising presents a small but significant risk to road safety (Edquist, Horberry, Hoskings & Johnston, 2011;Lay, 2004). For example, visual distractions, such as advertisements, can impede driver performance by increasing the number and length of off-road glances (Kaber, Liang, Zhang, Rogers & Gangakhedkar, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety implications of co-locating road signs: A driving simulator investigation

Filtness

Schramm

Fuller

et al. 2017

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

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Background: As road complexity increases the requirement for number of road signs also increases, although the amount of road side space does not. One practical strategy to address this is to present multiple road signs on the same gantry (sign co-location).However, there is very little research on the safety implications of this practice.Method: 36 participants (mean age = 42.25 years, SD = 13.99, 18 females) completed three driving simulator scenarios, each scenario had a different sign co-location condition: no colocation, dual co-location and triple co-location. Each scenario presented similar information using direction signs, variable message signs and variable speed limit signs, under. Each drive included standard motorway driving (100km/h speed zone) in free flow traffic and one emergency event where a lead vehicle suddenly braked. The scenario order was counterbalanced and the emergency event vehicle varied.Results: Overall, there was no impact of co-locating signs on general driving performance.No significant difference was observed between conditions for reaction time and minimum headway in response to the emergency event. Participants were able to correctly choose their destination whether the signs were co-located or not.Discussion: For the particular configuration of signs tested there is no evidence that colocation negatively impacts driving performance. However, there may be some implications for travel speed and the manner in which the emergency event is responded to. Future work should confirm the findings on real roads. These findings provided support for sign colocation as a practical and safe option for displaying multiple road signs in a confined area.

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“…A sinalização vertical é fundamental na mitigação dos acidentes originados por falhas no processamento da informação porque antecipa, complementa e facilita a compreensão da informação que o condutor deve processar enquanto dirige (LAY, 2004). Contudo, frequentemente os condutores não percebem ou não respeitam a sinalização, ainda quando esta pode ser relevante para a sua segurança.…”

Section: Justificativaunclassified

“…Por definição, a sinalização rodoviária é um estímulo ou informação presente dentro do entorno rodoviário, que auxilia ao usuário na navegação dentro do sistema rodoviário, que adverte sobre os riscos presentes na rodovia e que regula o comportamento dos usuários dentro do sistema (LAY, 2004 Em 1987, realizou-se um experimento com 40 condutores para analisar a velocidade em uma curva sinalizada de duas formas diferentes: para a metade dos condutores a curva só tinha um sinal de advertência de curva e para a outra metade foi adicionado um sinal de limite de velocidade (ZWAHLEN, 1987). O experimento não identificou nenhuma diferença significativa entre a resposta dos condutores nos dois cenários e o tempo médio de observação da sinalização vertical foi de 550 milissegundos.…”

Section: A Sinalização Vertical Rodoviáriaunclassified

“…Outro critério para analisar o posicionamento das placas de sinalização vertical é o tempo máximo de retenção do sinal na memória do condutor. A literatura sugere que o condutor constantemente está "apagando" da sua memória informações percebidas para poder perceber e analisar novas informações (Lay, 2004). No caso da sinalização vertical, é importante garantir que o sinal não seja apresentado muito longe da condição advertida porque isto pode aumentar as chances do condutor esquecer o sinal, perder a credibilidade na sinalização ou simplesmente não saber o momento oportuno para manobrar de forma segura (Lay, 2004 C1 T1 C2 T2 C3 T3 C4 T4 C5 T5 C6 T6 C7 T7 C8 T8 C9 T9 C10 T10 C11 T11 C12 T12 C13 T13 C14 T14 C15 T15 C16 T16 C17 T17 C18 T18 C19 T19 C20 T20 % do total de acidentes no trecho  Finalmente, a falta de uma cabine diminui a percepção de imersão dentro de um ambiente de direção.…”

Section: O Projeto Geométricounclassified

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Análise da percepção da sinalização vertical por parte do condutor, utilizando ambientes simulados de direção: um estudo de caso na rodovia BR-116

Rangel¹,

Andrés²

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Design of Traffic Signs

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Is three the magic number? The role of ergonomic principles in cross country comprehension of road traffic signs

Is three the magic number? The role of ergonomic principles in cross country comprehension of road traffic signs

Safety implications of co-locating road signs: A driving simulator investigation

Análise da percepção da sinalização vertical por parte do condutor, utilizando ambientes simulados de direção: um estudo de caso na rodovia BR-116

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