Design of three-section microneedle towards low insertion force and high drug delivery amount using the finite element method

Fabrication of liraglutide-encapsulated triple layer hyaluronic acid microneedles (TLMs) for the treatment of obesity

“…In the traditional DMN patch system, complete insertion to the base of the DMN is difficult to achieve because of the skin elasticity and the resistance of insertion at the base portion of the DMN, resulting in inconsistent drug delivery. 26 Therefore, a variety of novel DMN approaches, such as twolayered DMNs [36][37][38][39] and arrowhead DMNs, [40][41][42] which encapsulate the drug into the tip or the top part of the DMN, have been introduced for the quantitative delivery of encapsulated drugs. Because the TLM was fabricated from the dispensed polymer in a stepwise manner, optimizing the height of the base layer is required for quantitative drug delivery.…”