Design of the mammalian respiratory system. VI. Distribution of mitochondria and capillaries in various muscles

Hoppeler, Hans; Mathieu, Odile; Krauer, Rudolf; Claassen, Horst; Armstrong, R. B.; Weibel, Ewald R.

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(81)90078-5

Cited by 171 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…At the beginning of training, these women had mitochondria1 volume densities in their vastus lateralis similar to those reported for younger females (8). The pretraining mitochondrial volume densities averaged 3.1 + 0.8% for the combined groups, which is similar to the value (3.9 + 0.4%) for 31-year-old women but smaller than the value (4.7 + 0.3%) reported for 28-year-old men (8).…”

Section: Ultrastructural Changessupporting

confidence: 61%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Functional Training: Muscle Structure, Function, and Performance in Older Women

Cress¹,

Conley²,

Balding³

et al. 1996

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Specificity of training is a well-recognized principle of exercise physiology. Muscles adapt to the specific training stimulus imposed upon them: swimmers train by swimming, weight lifters train by lifting weights, football players train by running and throwing. These strategies have proven effective for athletes; however, they have not been applied to exercise regimes aimed at improving daily activities in older adults. Traditional exercise programs use endurance training, single joint strength training, or a combination of the two, but often they do not produce an improvement in functional measures (3). This traditional a p proach to exercise is prescribed for the general public with the intention of improving activities of daily living, yet they do not incorporate these activities into the training. Although resistance training using machines strengthens each muscle in isolation, these programs do not incorporate integrated performance into the training regime. Functional performance requires the integration of multiple joints and several muscle groups. In an activity such as stair climbing, the integrated strength of the quadriceps, hamstrings, hip flexors and extensors, and plantar flexors is involved. Merely strengthening each muscle in isolation does not train the muscles to work in a coordi- R29-AG10267; R01 AG10853; and ROI AG0754-02; the Dana Foundation; and the American Physiological Society. nated fashion to accomplish a multimuscle task, such as stair climbing.Recent research using resistive training in the older adult has been shown to increase muscle fiber area (4-7) and strength (4-7,12). The changes in strength with resistive training have been attributed to both neural adaptation (12) and muscle hypertrophy (4-7). However, the ultrastructural basis for changes in fiber area has not been investigated in the elderly nor has the ability of these programs to translate into functional performance been reported.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of exercise training to change physical function and to investigate the underlying muscular changes responsible for change in function. This program used stair climbing with weighted backpacks as a resistive training stimulus. Muscle morphology, strength, and lower extremity functional performance were evaluated. Our evaluation incorpo-

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Section: Ultrastructural Changessupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The samples were then processed in 1 % osmium-tetroxide, dehydrated, and infiltrated with 50% propylene oxide and 50% Epon (A&R) resin. Ultra-thin transverse sections were cut and stained with uranyl acetate and lead acetate (8).…”

Section: Muscle Biopsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Training: Muscle Structure, Function, and Performance in Older Women

Cress¹,

Conley²,

Balding³

et al. 1996

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this difference was reflected at the level of muscle fiber composition. Fiber type proportions correlate with differences in athletic performance among groups of human athletes, lower primates, rodents, ungulates, and among breeds of horses and dogs (e.g., 1,9,20,22,36,40). Fiber type proportions have also been shown to correlate with individual differences in locomotor abilities in lizards and in humans (e.g., 12,18,25).…”

Section: Musmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximal sprint speeds and muscle fiber composition of wild and laboratory house mice

Garland

Gleeson

Aronovitz

et al. 1995

Physiology & Behavior

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GARLAND, T., JR., T. T. GLEESON, B. A. ARONOVITZ, C. S. RICHARDSON AND M. R. DOHM. Maximal sprint speeds and muscle fiber composition of wiM and laboratory house mice. PHYSIOL BEHAV 58(5) 869-876, 1995.--We compared males from four groups of house mice (Mus domesticus), all bred and raised under common conditions in the laboratory: randombred Hsd:ICR, a wild population from Wisconsin; hybrids from lab dams; hybrids from wild dams.. Wild mice were much faster sprinters (maximal forced sprint speeds over 1.0 m ranged from 2.38 to 3.34 m/s) than were lab mice (range = 0.89-1.68 m/s). Hybrids exhibited intermediate speeds (range = 1.54-2.70 m/s) and body masses, indicating largely additive inheritance. Type-specific mean muscle fiber cross-sectional areas of the gastrocnemius muscle did not differ significantly among groups. Percentage cross-sectional areas occupied by each of the three identified fiber types also did not differ significantly among groups, nor did they covary with body mass. For their body mass, however, lab mice had smaller gastrocnemius muscles than did wild and hybrid mice, which had muscles of similar size. Although we cannot rule out the possibility that smaller gastrocnemius muscles or slight differences in fiber composition account for the lower sprint speeds of the lab mice, we suggest that differences in unmeasured physiological, behavioral or motivational factors are probably the primary cause. This interpretation is supported by a lack of correlation between individual differences in sprint speed and either relative gastrocnemius muscle mass or muscle fiber type composition.

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“…For example, cold-induced angiogenesis, particularly in the mitochondria-rich red muscle of fishes, can offset reduced diffusion, in addition to providing other benefits such as improved waste removal (Hoppeler et al, 1981;Johnston, 1982;Egginton and Cordiner, 1997;Egginton et al, 2000;Mathieu-Costello et al, 2005;O'Brien, 2011). Another common response during cold temperature acclimation is the proliferation and catabolization of lipids (Jones and Sidell, 1982;Egginton and Sidell, 1989;Sidell and Moerland, 1989;O'Brien, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific variation in the thermal plasticity of mitochondria in killifish

Dhillon

Schulte

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Populations of the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabit salt marshes and estuaries along the eastern coast of NorthAmerica from Newfoundland to northern Florida, and are thus exposed to a large range of temperatures. Previous studies have shown higher whole-organism metabolic rates in the northern subspecies (F. h. macrolepidotus) compared with the southern subspecies (F. h. heteroclitus) of these fish. Here, we examine phenotypic plasticity in the response to cold temperatures between the two subspecies by acclimating fish to 5, 15 and 25°C and comparing several mitochondrial and muscle properties. The relative area of oxidative muscle versus glycolytic muscle fibers was greater in the northern subspecies at the 5 and 15°C acclimation temperatures. However, there were no differences in capillary density between the two subspecies or at different temperatures. Mitochondrial volume and surface densities increased in response to cold temperature acclimation in red and white muscle, but only in the northern killifish. Citrate synthase activities also increased in the northern killifish at 5 and 15°C. The ratio of calculated [free ADP] to [ATP] increased in the 5°C acclimated southern killifish but not in the northern killifish at 5°C when compared with the 15°C acclimation group, suggesting that there are differences in adenylate signaling for mitochondrial respiration between subspecies at low temperature. Taken together, our data indicate that the northern subspecies have a greater ability to increase mitochondrial capacity at colder temperatures compared with the southern subspecies, providing one of the few examples of intraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity in mitochondrial amount in response to cold temperatures.

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Design of the mammalian respiratory system. VI. Distribution of mitochondria and capillaries in various muscles

Cited by 171 publications

References 62 publications

Functional Training: Muscle Structure, Function, and Performance in Older Women

Functional Training: Muscle Structure, Function, and Performance in Older Women

Maximal sprint speeds and muscle fiber composition of wild and laboratory house mice

Intraspecific variation in the thermal plasticity of mitochondria in killifish

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