“…In fact, niobium is known as the base metal of the high temperature structural materials for nuclear industry [11]. Also, the solid solution hardening is expected by the addition of ruthenium or tungsten into niobium metal [12]. Therefore, the alloying of Ru or W into niobium is favorable not only for improving the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement by reducing hydrogen concentration, but also for strengthening the mechanical properties at high temperatures, which will lead to the long-term durability of the hydrogen permeable membrane.…”