Design of small-angle X-ray diffractometer using synchrotron radiation at the photon factory

Amemiya, Yoshiyuki; Wakabayashi, Katsuzo; Hamanaka, Toshiaki; Wakabayashi, T.; Matsushita, Tadashi; Hashizume, H.

doi:10.1016/0167-5087(83)91170-5

Cited by 203 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It does not touch the primary beam and therefore does not need to be included in the beamline analysis. Apart from the relative positions of mirror and monochromator, the present set-up is equivalent to those described by Yoda (1984), Furuno, Sasabe & Ikegami (1987), Hayashi, Hamada, Suehiro, Masaki, Ogawa & Miyaji, (1988) and Riekel & Suortti (1991) for rotating-anode sources and those described by Barrington Leigh & Rosenbaum (1974), Webb, Samson, Stroud, Gamble & Baldeschwiler (1977), Hendrix, Koch & Bordas (1979) and Amemiya, Wakabayashi, Hamanaka, Wakabayashi, Matsushita & Hashizume (1983) for synchrotron-radiation sources. We have chosen this set-up as it is the most common, even though it employs a perfect-crystal monochromator and that the resolution function due to this has a very small contribution from the wavelength spread.…”

Section: Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Resolution function and flux at the sample for small-angle X-ray scattering calculated in position–angle–wavelength space

Pedersen¹

1991

J Appl Cryst

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A method for calculating the flux at the sample position and the resolution function based on the general description of synchrotron X-ray beamlines in position-angle-wavelength space has been developed. A mathematical formulation is presented, in which source, transmission function for the slits and acceptance windows of the monochromator crystals are approximated by Gaussian functions. These approximations allow all of the algebra in connection with combining the different contributions to be done analytically. When the beam passes the various components of the beamline, such as flight paths, monochromators and mirrors, it results in coordinate transformations in parameter space. By inserting the transformations in the intensity distribution of the source, transmission functions of the slits and acceptance windows of the monochromators, these are transformed to the position of the sample. Their product gives the intensity distribution at this position and from this the resolution function in reciprocal space is calculated. The resolution of the detector is easily included by a convolution. The transmissions of the slits and the acceptance windows of the monochromator crystals have been normalized to give the same integrated transmission and reflectivities as the functions they approximate. Therefore the flux at the sample position can be calculated by multiplication of the brilliance of the source and the result obtained from an integration of the distribution over the two position parameters, the two angle parameters and the wavelength. The theory has been applied to an example and gives reasonable results for sample intensity and resolution function.

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Section: Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Resolution function and flux at the sample for small-angle X-ray scattering calculated in position–angle–wavelength space

Pedersen¹

1991

J Appl Cryst

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“…According to the proposed theory, f H can be expressed as Equation (21). The parameter E was converted into s by Equation (16), and s was related to the denaturant concentration C:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A stable beam of photons with a wavelength of 1.50 Å was provided by a horizontally focusing bent-crystal monochromator and a vertically focusing mirror. 21 Scattering data were obtained with a CCD-based X-ray detector (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan) 22 and corrected for image distortion, nonuniform sensitivity and contrast reduction with an X-ray image intensifier before the analysis. 23,24 The detector was set at a distance of 1000±10 mm from the sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Denaturant-induced helix–coil transition of oligopeptides: theoretical and equilibrium studies of short oligopeptides C17 and AK16

Kanô

Shinjo

Qin

et al. 2011

Polym J

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A statistical mechanical theory on the effects of denaturant on the helix-coil transition of polypeptides was developed. In the proposed theory, unfolding agents were assumed to interact with the polypeptide backbone. The theoretical results were compared with the findings of guanidine-induced helix-coil transition experiments, which were conducted on short peptides (C17 and AK16). Specifically, the helix fraction and average number of helices in C17 and AK16 were estimated. Under unfolding conditions (high denaturant concentration), the number of helices in a given sequence was close to zero. The radius of gyration was measured, and the results were related to those of the proposed theory.

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“…Tonic tension, which was developed after the end of stimulation, was relaxed by application of 5-hydroxytryptamine (2.5 Â 10 À5 M). X-ray diffraction experiments were carried out using synchrotron radiation and a point-focusing camera at beamline 15A of the Photon Factory, Tsukuba (Amemiya et al, 1983). Small-angle X-ray diffraction patterns from the ABRM were recorded on 200 Â 200 mm 2 (pixel size 0.1 mm Â 0.1 mm) imaging plates with 13 s exposure to an incident X-ray beam of intensity 5.2 Â 10 10 photons s À1 mm À2 using a camera length of 2.2 mm (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The overlap between the thin- and thick-filament reflections in the small-angle X-ray diffraction pattern from a molluscan smooth muscle

Tajima

Makino

Hanyuu

et al. 1999

J Synchrotron Radiat

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Small-angle X-ray diffraction studies of the living anterior byssus retractor muscle (ABRM) of Mytilus edulis have been carried out using a long (2.2 m) point-focusing camera to investigate the overlap between the thin-and thick-®lament re¯ections. While the re¯ections due to the cross-bridge lattice on the thick ®laments in the resting ABRM are distant in the axial direction from the thin®lament layer lines, the paramyosin cores of the thick ®laments produce re¯ections very close to the thin-®lament re¯ections at axial spacings of 387, 59 and 51 A Ê . Using such a long camera it becomes possible to separate these re¯ections due to an improvement in the angular resolution and increase in the difference between the widths of the thin-and thick-®lament re¯ections, and it is shown that the intensities of the 387 and 59 A Ê thin-®lament layer lines gradually drop to zero close to the meridian. It becomes relatively easy to observe the thin-®lament-based X-ray pattern by use of the long camera, making it possible to show a partial resemblance of the small-angle X-ray pattern from the contracting ABRM with the pattern from the rigorized ABRM.

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Design of small-angle X-ray diffractometer using synchrotron radiation at the photon factory

Cited by 203 publications

References 4 publications

Resolution function and flux at the sample for small-angle X-ray scattering calculated in position–angle–wavelength space

Resolution function and flux at the sample for small-angle X-ray scattering calculated in position–angle–wavelength space

Denaturant-induced helix–coil transition of oligopeptides: theoretical and equilibrium studies of short oligopeptides C17 and AK16

The overlap between the thin- and thick-filament reflections in the small-angle X-ray diffraction pattern from a molluscan smooth muscle

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