Design of Sand‐Based, 3‐D‐Printed Analog Faults With Controlled Frictional Properties

Braun, Philipp; Tzortzopoulos, Georgios; Stefanou, Ioannis

doi:10.1029/2020jb020520

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…The vertical loading system consists of a press compressing slowly a linear-elastic spring, which simulates the stored energy of the earthquake. The specimen consists of three blocks printed using sand particles (see [34] for more details about this surrogate material and its characterization) and it is located below the spring. The middle block of the specimen simulates the mobilized mass of the rocks and its frictional interfaces with the adjacent blocks the seismic fault.…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake Control: An Emerging Application for Robust Control. Theory and Experimental Tests

Gutiérrez‐Oribio¹,

Tzortzopoulos²,

Stefanou³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This paper addresses the possibility of using robust control theory for preventing earthquakes through fluid injections in the earth's crust. The designed robust controllers drive aseismically a fault system to a new equilibrium point of lower energy by tracking a slow reference signal. The control design is based on a reduced-order nonlinear model able to reproduce earthquake-like instabilities. Uncertainties related to the frictional and mechanical properties of the underlying physical process and external perturbations are considered. Two kinds of controllers are derived. The first one is based on sliding-mode theory and leads to local finite-time convergence of the tracking error and rejection of Lipschitz w.r.t. time perturbations. The second controller is based on LQR control and presents global exponential stability of the tracking error and rejection of Lipschitz w.r.t. states perturbations. Both controllers generate a continuous control signal, attenuating the chattering effect in the case of the sliding-mode algorithms. The developed controllers are tested extensively and compared on the basis of numerical simulations and experiments in the laboratory. The present work opens new perspectives for the application of robust nonlinear control theory to complex geosystems, earthquakes and sustainable energy production.

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Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake Control: An Emerging Application for Robust Control. Theory and Experimental Tests

Gutiérrez‐Oribio¹,

Tzortzopoulos²,

Stefanou³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this respect, it should be investigated how during sliding, abrasion changes the asperities' morphology (Mei and Wu 2021) because at a deeper level of analysis, the friction evolution during sliding should be seen as a transient process. According to Braun et al (2021), who investigated the frictional properties of sand-based, 3D-printed materials, progressive sliding can influence the friction due to the wear of asperities, which is accompanied by gouge creation due to granular debonding during sliding (Fig. 6), and the applied normal stress can have a non-negligible effect on the asperity wear.…”

Section: Experimental Evidence For Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does water lubrication affect friction differently for rocks and soils? Evidence and open questions

Cafaro

Hamad

Monterisi

2022

Studia Geotechnica Et Mechanica

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The present paper focuses on the shear strength exhibited by rocks and soils when sliding along dry and wet surfaces, with this mechanism of failure being strongly related to the water lubrication phenomenon. It is well known that the frictional behaviour of geomaterials requires multiscale investigation. Under this perspective, experimental evidence of both friction at the grain scale (i.e. interparticle friction) and friction along sliding surfaces of rock and granular soil samples (i.e. surface friction) are analysed by using data from the literature. The review is addressed at linking different scales, stating the differences between rocks and soils in terms of frictional response to sliding and trying to point out still open problems for the research.

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“…In this work, we take advantage of 3D printing techniques to create physical models for lab-based seismic experiments. Applications of the 3D printing techniques in earth sciences have been increasing 4 , 5 , mostly focused on visualization and education with some studies on hydromechanics and rock mechanics 6 – 11 . We demonstrate that the 3D printing opens up unprecedented opportunities for seismology in utilizing the physical model based seismic experiments.…”

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confidence: 99%

Seismic wave simulation using a 3D printed model of the Los Angeles Basin

Park

Shin

Kim

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Studying seismic wave propagation through complex media is crucial to numerous aspects of geophysics and engineering including seismic hazard assessment. In particular, small-scale structure such as sedimentary basins and their edges can have significant effects on high-frequency earthquake ground motion, which is the main cause for the damage to buildings and infrastructure. However, such structural effects are poorly understood due to limitations in numerical and analytical methods. To overcome this challenge, for the first time, we utilize the 3D printing technique to build a scaled-down physical representation of geological structure and perform lab-scale seismic experiments on it. Specifically, a physical model based on the Los Angeles Basin is printed and used as synthetic medium to propagate ultrasonic waves, to mimic seismic wave propagation from local earthquakes. Our results show clear body and surface waves recorded at expected time and locations, as well as waves that are scattered from the basin edges. We find that high-frequency energies are significantly reduced at the basin, which is at odds with the conventional view of basins as ground motion amplifiers. This novel waveform modeling approach with 3D printed Earth models is largely automated and provides an effective means to tackle geophysical problems of significance.

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Design of Sand‐Based, 3‐D‐Printed Analog Faults With Controlled Frictional Properties

Cited by 7 publications

References 106 publications

Earthquake Control: An Emerging Application for Robust Control. Theory and Experimental Tests

Earthquake Control: An Emerging Application for Robust Control. Theory and Experimental Tests

Does water lubrication affect friction differently for rocks and soils? Evidence and open questions

Seismic wave simulation using a 3D printed model of the Los Angeles Basin

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