Design of portable 3-axis filament winding machine with inexpensive control system

Abstract

Filament winding technology is one of the fundamental fabrication methods in composite material fields, which has a high degree of automation. It is the process in which continuous strands or filament of fibres is wound on the mandrel, which is suitable for high-pressure vessels, pipes, shaft and ducts. The present filament winding machines have existed in enterprises or factories, which are high costs, heavy, complex control system and machine structure. The objective of this study is to design a 3-axis filament winding machine, which has portable, lightweight, low costs, high efficient and inexpensive control system features compared to the previous and present machine. The control system relates hardware section and software section, which can meet three axes movement principle. The 3-axis prototype filament winding machine has also been developed. Arduino Uno and CNC v1 shield module are applied as hardware section. Universal G-Code Sender (UGS) and Grbl codes are adopted as software section. In conclusion, a 3-axis portable, lightweight and low-cost filament winding machine have been successfully developed, which can fabricate filament wound carbon/epoxy tubes with a proper inexpensive control system.

The energy-absorbing characteristics of filament wound hybrid carbon fiber-reinforced plastic/polylactic acid tubes with different infill pattern structures

“…Bhd) using the laboratory scale three-axis filament winding machine (manufactured by Structural Material & Degradation Focus Group, Universiti Malaysia Pahang). 48 For filament wound CFRP tubes, specimens were cured at 25°C for 24 h on the mandrel at 50 r/min rotation speed for 2 h, and the fiber mass fraction was around 46.77%. PLA tubes are made of PLA with 1.75 mm diameter and 1.25 g/cm 3 density, which is fabricated by the Prusa i3 MK3 machine.…”

Effect of winding angle on the quasi-static crushing behaviour of thin-walled carbon fibre-reinforced polymer tubes

“…Filament-wound CFRP tubes of ±45°, ±60° and ±75° winding angles were fabricated by the portable lab-scale three-axis filament winding machine. 20,21 Figure 1 presents a flow process of thin-walled CFRP tube preparation procedure in this study, which refers to the mandrel surface layer preparation stage, fabrication stage, curing stage, demoulding stage and cutting stage. The mandrel surface was covered with three layers to avoid the direct contact between the mandrel surface and inner surface of CFRP tube, which involved normal tissue layer, packing tape layer and Teflon layer.…”

Real-time implementation of an enhanced nonlinear PID controller based on harmony search for one-stage servomechanism system

“…The nonlinear PID (NPID) control has found in form two broad categories of applications. The first category particular to nonlinear systems, where NPID control is used to absorb the nonlinearity while, the second category deals with linear systems, where NPID control is used to obtain enhanced performance not realizable by a linear PID control, such as reduced overshoot, diminished rise time for step or rapid command input, obtained better tracking accuracy and used to compensate the nonlinearity and disturbances in system [25]. The NPID controllers have the advantage of high initial gain to achieve a fast dynamic response, continued with a low gain to avoid an unstable behavior.…”