Design of Polyimide based Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer for Underwater Imaging Application

Ahmad, K. A.; Manaf, Asrulnizam Abd; Yaacob, Mohd Ikhwan Hadi; Rahman, Mohamad Faizal Abd

doi:10.1145/3132300.3132330

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The long-range detection is favored by the low-frequency range (1–100 kHz). Meanwhile, high ultrasonic frequency for acoustic imaging has also been placed between 100 kHz and 2 MHz [ 47 ]. Since resolution and frequency are directly related, 100 kHz is therefore selected as the working frequency of the proposed array.…”

Section: The Working Frequency and The Maximum Array Aperture Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on this frequency and the space limitation on the hosting surface of the mine hunter for the proposed array, the aperture width is restricted to a maximum of 33 cm, which also falls within the size range recommended for underwater acoustic imaging [ 47 ]. In addition, the pitch is maintained at less than a half wavelength while the kerf is also fixed at 0.5 mm to achieve the wider element size needed for the target high-power output.…”

Section: The Working Frequency and The Maximum Array Aperture Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result agrees with the finding that a minimal ripple is obtained at reduced pitch d = 0.4λ [ 49 ]. The maximum aperture width also falls in the smaller size region of the recommended range of 10 cm–1 m indicating good economic consideration [ 47 ].…”

Section: Design Of the Conformal Volumetric Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, 100 kHz is the maximum in the low ultrasonic frequency range. In our approach, this frequency was chosen to achieve a sufficient range detection at a maximum possible resolution in an underwater application [ 47 , 48 ]. At this frequency, the advantage of broader beamwidth offered by the doubly curved volumetric array was employed to provide a long-ranging detection [ 45 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Versatile Approach for Underwater Conformal Volumetric Array Design

Yusuf

Pyo

Roh

2021

Sensors

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In this study, we present a novel approach to the design of a conformal volumetric array composed of M × N convex subarrays in two orthogonal curvilinear directions for underwater acoustic imaging for mine detection. Our design targets require that the proposed array transducer has three-dimensional half-power beamwidths of 85° and 25° in either of its convex subarray parts, while also reaching a peak transmitting voltage response above 147 dB. The radiated sound pressure of the subarrays was independently derived as a function of their geometrical parameters. The resulting directional factors were then combined to analyze the beam profile of the entire array. The design was finally optimized to minimize the ripple level. To validate this theoretical design, the structure was modeled and analyzed using the finite element method. The comparison between the resulting beam pattern from the finite element analysis and the analytical computation showed an excellent compliance. The method advanced is a simple and systematic analytical model to facilitate the development of new conformal volumetric arrays for underwater mine detection.

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Section: The Working Frequency and The Maximum Array Aperture Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Working Frequency and The Maximum Array Aperture Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Of the Conformal Volumetric Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Versatile Approach for Underwater Conformal Volumetric Array Design

Yusuf

Pyo

Roh

2021

Sensors

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“…3D model of PMUT element with first layer and third layer (top and bottom electrode) were composed by copper, second layer with blue region is the active material layer and fourth layer is the silicon dioxide as supporting layer.This structure was simulated in a water medium setting with six different active materials which were PZT-5A, PZT-5H, aluminium nitride, lithium niobate, quartz, and zinc oxide. The designed structure was modelled referring parameters to the existing PMUT basic structure Akasheh, Myers, Fraser, Bose & Bandyopadhyay, 2004;Ahmad, A. Manaf, Yaacob & A. Rahman, 2017) by using finite…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmitting Performance Simulation of Piezoelectric Transducer for Underwater Application

Muhamad Lotfi,

Yaacob,

Indratno

2022

JSML

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This paper reports transmitting performance simulation of the circular piezoelectric transducer using finite element analysis (FEA) approach. The 3D model of the transducer is designed and simulated using six different piezoelectric materials. FEA simulation and modelling had been carried out using the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0 software. The thickness and radius of the piezoelectric material layer were varied and transmitting performance were compared and analysed. From this simulation, the transmitting performance of the Piezoelectric Micro Ultrasonic Transducer (PMUT) is decreased as the membrane radius increased, while it increased as the thickness of the piezoelectric material layer increased. The total device thickness at 430 µm with the membrane radius at 1500 µm, show the best performance at 240 kHz of frequency, tailored for many underwater applications. The thickness and radius have contributed significantly to the mechanical stress generated at the surface of the piezoelectric material layer, in contact with the electrode. Hence, the device radius and thickness of the piezoelectric layer are considered, regardless of the type of piezoelectric material used.

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