Design of Poly‐<scp>l</scp>‐Glutamate‐Based Complexes for pDNA Delivery

Gene therapy has emerged as a promising tool for treating different intractable diseases, particularly cancer or even viral diseases such as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). In this context, various non-viral gene carriers are being explored to transfer DNA or RNA sequences into target cells. Here, we review the applications of the naturally occurring amino acid histidine in the delivery of nucleic acids into cells.The biocompatibility of histidine-enhanced gene delivery systems has encouraged their wider use in gene therapy. Histidine-based gene carriers can involve the modification of peptides, dendrimers, lipids or nanocomposites. Several linear polymers, such as polyethylenimine, poly-L-lysine (synthetic) or dextran and chitosan (natural), have been conjugated with histidine residues to form complexes with nucleic acids for intracellular delivery. The challenges, opportunities and future research trends of histidine-based gene deliveries are investigated.

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“…Niño‐Pariente et al 122 . investigated negatively charged polypeptides as effective non‐viral vectors.…”

Section: Histidine‐based Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histidine‐enhanced gene delivery systems: The state of the art

Hooshmand

Sabet

Hasanzadeh

et al. 2022

The Journal of Gene Medicine

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“…For example, arginine, histidine, and lysine were employed to functionalise dextran, [153–155] chitosan, [51] alginate, [59] human serum albumin (HSA), [78, 156] HA, [116] and chondroitin sulfate [157] . Other small moieties used for biopolymer modification include quaternary amines, [56, 73, 158–160] spermine, [63, 161, 162] piperazine, [163] cystamine, [69] and succinyl tetraethylene pentamine [164] …”

Section: Biopolymers As Dna Vaccine Carriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Throughout the maturation of the endosomes, the pH decreases from physiological pH 7.4 to pH≈6.5 in the early endosome, pH≈6.0 in the late endosome and pH≈5.0 in the lysosome due to the activity of membrane‐bound ATPase pumps (proton pumps), which pump protons across the endosome and lysosome membrane into the vesicle interior through ATP hydrolysis [234] . The presence of cationic polymers, such as PEI, [91, 142, 144, 147, 152, 235] polyamidoamine, [151] succinyl tetraethylene pentamine, [164] spermine, [89, 139–141, 161, 162, 236] and imidazole‐containing molecules, such as histidine, [83, 90] can all lead to endosomal rupture via the “proton‐sponge” effect. This effect is associated to the large buffering ability of these molecules due to proton binding, which leads to more protons being pumped.…”

Section: Biopolymers As Dna Vaccine Carriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopolymer‐based Carriers for DNA Vaccine Design

et al. 2021

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She studied chemistry at the University of Zagreb, and completed her PhD at the University of Strathclyde,G lasgow,w orking on DNA detection by advanced spectroscopies, such as SERRS. After postdoc research on DNA nanostructuring and artificial enzyme design at the University of Dortmund,s he was agroup leader at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology before joining Cambridge. Her research focuses on nanostructured biomaterials for use in photocatalysis and targeted drug delivery.

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“…chitosan, cyclodextrins, etc.) present an inherent size heterogeneity (polydispersity index (PDI)>1.6) [44], which masks precise structure-activity relationships. Thus, to foster clinical translation it is required well-defined characterization and the minimization of variability through strict control of the production procedure.…”

Section: Synthesis and Characterization Of Poly-l-ornithine Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%