Design of PCF-SPR for Early Detection of Skin Cancer Infected Cells

Azhar, Azhar; Ramadhan, Khaikal

doi:10.29303/jppipa.v8i5.2120

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The S of each cancer can be de ned as the shift in the absorption of the proposed structure when the refractive index changes from cancer RI to its normal cell RI. For example, the Jurkat cell or blood cancer has a refractive index of 1.39 with an 80% concentration, while its normal cell refractive index is 1.376 [51,52]. Also, the refractive index of Cervical cancer with an 80% concentration is 1.392, as shown in Table . III and its normal cell refractive index is 1.368 with 30-70% concentration of the mentioned sample [47,[53][54][55][56][57].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive and label-free, graphene/CaF2 multilayer-based biosensor for detecting gasses, cancers, viruses, and diabetes, with significant improvement of sensitivity, quality factor, and figure of merit

Jafari,

Gholizadeh,

Zhoulideh

et al. 2023

Preprint

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One of the primary goals for the researchers is to create a high-quality sensor with a simple structure because of the urgent requirement to identify biomolecules at low concentrations to diagnose diseases and detect hazardous chemicals for health early on. Recently graphene has attracted much interest in the field of improved biosensors. Meanwhile, graphene with new materials such as CaF2 has been widely used to improve the applications of graphene-based sensors. Using the fantastic features of the graphene/CaF2 multilayer, this article proposes an improvement sensor in the sensitivity (S), the figure of merit (FOM), and the quality factor (Q). The proposed sensor is based on the five-layers graphene/dielectric grating integrated with a Fabry-Perot cavity. By tuning graphene chemical potential (µc), due to the semi-metal features of graphene, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) waves excited at the graphene/dielectric boundaries. Due to the vertical polarization of the source to the gratings and the symmetry of the electric field, both corners of the grating act as electric dipoles, and this causes the propagation of plasmonic waves on the graphene surface to propagate towards each other. Finally, it causes Fabry-Perot (FP) interference on the surface of graphene in the proposed structure's active medium (the area where the sample is located). In this article, using the inherent nature of FP interference and its S to the environment's refractive index (RI), by changing a minimal amount in the RI of the sample, the resonance wavelength (interferometer order) shifts sharply. The proposed design can detect and sense some cancer, such as Adrenal Gland Cancer, Blood Cancer, Breast Cancer I, Breast Cancer II, Cervical Cancer, and skin cancer precisely. By optimizing the structure, we can achieve an S as high as 9000 nm/RIU and a FOM of about 52.14 for the first resonance order (M1). Likewise, the remarkable S of 38000 nm/RIU and the FOM of 81 have been obtained for the second mode (M2). In addition, the proposed label-free SPR sensor can detect changes in the concentration of various materials, including gases and biomolecules, hemoglobin, breast cancer, diabetes, leukemia, and most alloys, with an accuracy of 0.001. The proposed sensor can sense urine concentration with a maximum S of 8500 nm/RIU and cancers with high S in the 6000 nm/RIU range to 7000 nm/RIU. Also, four viruses, such as M13 bacteriophage, HIV type one, Herpes simplex type 1, and influenza, have been investigated, showing Maximum S (for second resonance mode of λR(M2) of 8000 nm/RIU (λR(M2) = 11.2 µm), 12000 nm/RIU (λR(M2) = 10.73 µm), 38000 nm/RIU (λR(M2) = 11.78 µm), and 12000 nm/RIU (λR(M2) = 10.6 µm), respectively, and the obtained S for first resonance mode (λR(M1)) for mentioned viruses are 4740 nm/RIU (λR(M1) = 8.7 µm), 8010 nm/RIU (λR(M1) = 8.44 µm), 8100 nm/RIU (λR(M1) = 10.15 µm), and 9000 (λR(M1) = 8.36 µm), respectively.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive and label-free, graphene/CaF2 multilayer-based biosensor for detecting gasses, cancers, viruses, and diabetes, with significant improvement of sensitivity, quality factor, and figure of merit

Jafari,

Gholizadeh,

Zhoulideh

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The S of each cancer can be defined as the shift in the absorption of the proposed structure when the refractive index changes from cancer RI to its normal cell RI. For example, the Jurkat cell or blood cancer has a refractive index of 1.39 with an 80% concentration, while its normal cell refractive index is 1.376 52 , 53 . Also, the refractive index of Cervical cancer with an 80% concentration is 1.392, as shown in Table 3 and its normal cell refractive index is 1.368 with 30–70% concentration of the mentioned sample 48 , 54 – 58 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly sensitive label-free biosensor: graphene/CaF2 multilayer for gas, cancer, virus, and diabetes detection with enhanced quality factor and figure of merit

Jafari,

Gholizadeh,

Jafari

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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One of the primary goals for the researchers is to create a high-quality sensor with a simple structure because of the urgent requirement to identify biomolecules at low concentrations to diagnose diseases and detect hazardous chemicals for health early on. Recently graphene has attracted much interest in the field of improved biosensors. Meanwhile, graphene with new materials such as CaF2 has been widely used to improve the applications of graphene-based sensors. Using the fantastic features of the graphene/CaF2 multilayer, this article proposes an improvement sensor in the sensitivity (S), the figure of merit (FOM), and the quality factor (Q). The proposed sensor is based on the five-layers graphene/dielectric grating integrated with a Fabry–Perot cavity. By tuning graphene chemical potential (µc), due to the semi-metal features of graphene, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) waves excited at the graphene/dielectric boundaries. Due to the vertical polarization of the source to the gratings and the symmetry of the electric field, both corners of the grating act as electric dipoles, and this causes the propagation of plasmonic waves on the graphene surface to propagate towards each other. Finally, it causes Fabry–Perot (FP) interference on the surface of graphene in the proposed structure's active medium (the area where the sample is located). In this article, using the inherent nature of FP interference and its S to the environment's refractive index (RI), by changing a minimal amount in the RI of the sample, the resonance wavelength (interferometer order) shifts sharply. The proposed design can detect and sense some cancers, such as Adrenal Gland Cancer, Blood Cancer, Breast Cancer I, Breast Cancer II, Cervical Cancer, and skin cancer precisely. By optimizing the structure, we can achieve an S as high as 9000 nm/RIU and a FOM of about 52.14 for the first resonance order (M1). Likewise, the remarkable S of 38,000 nm/RIU and the FOM of 81 have been obtained for the second mode (M2). In addition, the proposed label-free SPR sensor can detect changes in the concentration of various materials, including gases and biomolecules, hemoglobin, breast cancer, diabetes, leukemia, and most alloys, with an accuracy of 0.001. The proposed sensor can sense urine concentration with a maximum S of 8500 nm/RIU and cancers with high S in the 6000 nm/RIU range to 7000 nm/RIU. Also, four viruses, such as M13 bacteriophage, HIV type one, Herpes simplex type 1, and influenza, have been investigated, showing Maximum S (for second resonance mode of λR(M2) of 8000 nm/RIU (λR(M2) = 11.2 µm), 12,000 nm/RIU (λR(M2) = 10.73 µm), 38,000 nm/RIU (λR(M2) = 11.78 µm), and 12,000 nm/RIU (λR(M2) = 10.6 µm), respectively, and the obtained S for first resonance mode (λR(M1)) for mentioned viruses are 4740 nm/RIU (λR(M1) = 8.7 µm), 8010 nm/RIU (λR(M1) = 8.44 µm), 8100 nm/RIU (λR(M1) = 10.15 µm), and 9000 (λR(M1) = 8.36 µm), respectively.

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“…According to some sources, circular air holes have more advantages than hexagonal and spiral air holes. In designing the shape of the air holes in the core, the tendency of light to pass through the component core is also an important consideration (Irawan et al, 2022a;Irawan et al, 2022c).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The finite element method is a popular method among researchers for demonstrating and characterizing sensor performance. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG), SMF, MM, MZI, PHC, PCF, and PCF-SPR are examples of optical components that have shown promise in medical applications thus far (Irawan et al, 2022a;Tosi et al, 2018;Zaki et al, 2022;Panda and Pukhrambam, 2022;Li et al, 2022;Abdelghaffar et al, 2022;Kumar et al, 2023;Otupiri et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study of Early Detection of Tuberculosis Infected with High Sensitivity Plasmonic Sensor

Irawan,

Azhar,

Ramadhan

et al. 2024

Sci. Technol. Indones

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In this work, a photonic crystal fiber based on a plasmonic sensor for the early detection of tuberculosis has been designed with finite element analysis. The component is constructed with a substrate layer made of fused silica material, which is then coated with a thin film of TiO2 layer as an adhesive layer to strongly attach the Au layer with the silica fiber surface. The TiO2 layer has an optimal thickness of 45 nm, while the Au layer has a thickness of 50 nm. The sensor design has a refractive index (RI) detection range from 1.27 RIU to 1.37 RIU, it also shows a maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS), maximum amplitude sensitivity (AS), sensor resolution (SR), and sensor accuracy (SA) of 20,000 nm/RIU (x-polarized) and 17.000 nm/RIU( y-polarized), -211.38 1/RIU (x-polarized) and -211.211 1/RIU (y-polarized), 9.17 x 10−5 RIU (x-polarized) and 1 x 10−4 RIU (y-polarized), and 0.025/nm respectively. Tuberculosis exhibits a normal and infected RI range of 1.343 RIU to 1.351 RIU. Therefore, the proposed sensor design is capable of detecting four types of TB infections with high sensitivity.

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Design of PCF-SPR for Early Detection of Skin Cancer Infected Cells

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Ultrasensitive and label-free, graphene/CaF2 multilayer-based biosensor for detecting gasses, cancers, viruses, and diabetes, with significant improvement of sensitivity, quality factor, and figure of merit

Ultrasensitive and label-free, graphene/CaF2 multilayer-based biosensor for detecting gasses, cancers, viruses, and diabetes, with significant improvement of sensitivity, quality factor, and figure of merit

Highly sensitive label-free biosensor: graphene/CaF2 multilayer for gas, cancer, virus, and diabetes detection with enhanced quality factor and figure of merit

Numerical Study of Early Detection of Tuberculosis Infected with High Sensitivity Plasmonic Sensor

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