Design of P-Type Photovoltaic Cells Resistant to Potential-Induced Degradation

Optoelectronic Sensor Applied to Flow Rate Measurements on Oil and Gas Industry

“…The effect is stronger the closer the module is to the negative pole of the photovoltaic system. conditions and the diversity of solar panel specifications and technologies, there is also emphasis on research to mitigate the effects and causes of PID and to clarify the relative sensitivities of various commercial absorbers today (HYLSKÝ et al, 2018). Since there is no constant pattern for the emergence of the effects of degradation on the module.…”

“…Photovoltaic modules shall always be connected in series, taking into account the technical characteristics of the inverters used. The effect that this event brings to large projects is the high voltage created, causing problems detected at both the system level, the panel level and the cell level (HYLSKÝ et al, 2018). These effects are the major causes that can be minimized or even reversible.…”

“…For this situation, a reverse potential must be acting in order to reduce this DDP (Potential Difference) (PINGEL, 2010), a system contained in the inverter referring to the string of solar plates called PID doctors can be used for this type of solution. This adaptation will reverse the polarity referring to the polarity of energy generation, causing the reduction of the generated potential, without this electric field, the sodium ions that were previously deposited in the stacking failures will be removed (HYLSKÝ et al, 2018). Field research for module regeneration shows reversals performed in two distinct strings.…”

“…In order to prevent the entry of sodium ions into the cell and encapsulationççof the panel, a layer of phosphorus silicate (PSG) was used in the glass. This layer was elaborated in the solar cell emitter diffusion process (HYLSKÝ et al, 2018), and the goal was not to reduce the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, parameters such as short circuit current and open circuit voltage, maintaining resistive properties against the PID, preventing the penetration of sodium on the surface of the silicon. The technique was achieved by making necessary modifications to the dissemination process (HYLSKÝ et al, 2018).…”

Regular and Irregular Performance Variation of Module String and Occurred Conditions for Potential Induced Degradation-Affected Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Power Plants

“…S. Koch, K. Mishina and Zhou found that adding two or three layers coatings into crystalline silicon solar cells could reduce the sensitivity of PID [19][20][21]. J. Hylsky et al deem that crystalline silicon solar cells with the phosphorus silicate glass show properties resistive against PID [22]. J. Kapur and A. Virtuani believe that the encapsulation materials could directly affect the extent of PID [23,24].…”