Design of optically path-length-matched, three-dimensional photonic circuits comprising uniquely routed waveguides

Charles, Ned; Jovanović, Nemanja; Gross, Simon; Stewart, Paul; Norris, Barnaby; O’Byrne, John W.; Lawrence, Jon; Withford, Michael J.; Tuthill, P. G.

doi:10.1364/ao.51.006489

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In order to design 3D path-lengthmatched waveguides, a novel algorithm was developed. The algorithm takes the limitation of the fabrication process such as accessible vertical real-estate, bends losses as well as minimum distance between waveguide to mitigate cross-coupling into account and creates an optimised waveguide layout with path length matching to within 100 nm [127]. Whilst the first generation of pupil remapping chips suffered from low throughput caused by bend losses [10], improved fabrication exploiting thermal annealing [67] vastly increased the transmission as well as closure phase stability [126].…”

Section: Pupil Remappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

2015

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Since the discovery that tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses can induce a highly localised and permanent refractive index modification in a large number of transparent dielectrics, the technique of ultrafast laser inscription has received great attention from a wide range of applications. In particular, the capability to create three-dimensional optical waveguide circuits has opened up new opportunities for integrated photonics that would not have been possible with traditional planar fabrication techniques because it enables full access to the many degrees of freedom in a photon. This paper reviews the basic techniques and technological challenges of 3D integrated photonics fabricated using ultrafast laser inscription as well as reviews the most recent progress in the fields of astrophotonics, optical communication, quantum photonics, emulation of quantum systems, optofluidics and sensing.

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Section: Pupil Remappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

2015

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“…In fact, modal filtering is usually performed on a multi-aperture system by a single-mode (SM) waveguide array, such as single-mode fiber array [12][13][14][15] and integrated guided optics, like planar optical components 16,17 or three-dimensional photonic circuits. 18 Nonetheless, spatial filtering can also be achieved by suitable mask-holes in the intermediate focal plane of two microlenses arrays, or in the pupil plane by an afocal double micro-lenses array called BIGRE 19 and fine tuned as a spatial filter for DAM. 20 We study here the case of BIGRE-DAM, which appears as the great poor-man technical solution (small, simple, stable) easily integrable in present day and coming AO systems devoted to direct imaging of exoplanets (e.g.…”

Section: The Bigre Micro-lenses Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Discretized aperture mapping with a micro-lenses array for interferometric direct imaging

Patru

Antichi

Mawet³

et al. 2014

SPIE Proceedings

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Discretized Aperture Mapping (DAM) appears as an original filtering technique easy to play with existing adaptive optics (AO) systems. In its essential DAM operates as an optical passive filter removing part of the phase residuals in the wavefront without introducing any difficult-to-align component in the Fourier conjugate of the entrance pupil plane. DAM reveals as a new interferometric technique combined with spatial filtering allowing direct imaging over a narrow field of view (FOV). In fact, the entrance pupil of a single telescope is divided into many sub-pupils so that the residual phase in each sub-pupil is filtered up to the DAM cut-off frequency. DAM enables to smooth the small scale wavefront defects which correspond to high spatial frequencies in the pupil plane and to low angular frequencies in the image plane. Close to the AO Nyquist frequency, such pupil plane spatial frequencies are not well measured by the wavefront sensor (WFS) due to aliasing. Once bigger than the AO Nyquist frequency, they are no more measured by the WFS due to the fitting limit responsible for the narrow AO FOV. The corresponding image plane angular frequencies are not transmitted by DAM and are useless to image small FOVs, as stated by interferometry. That is why AO and DAM are complementary assuming that the DAM cut-off frequency is equal to the AO Nyquist frequency. Here we describe the imaging capabilities when DAM is placed downstream an AO system, over a convenient pupil which precedes the scientific detector. We show firstly that the imaging properties are preserved on a narrow FOV allowing direct imaging throughout interferometry. Then we show how the residual pupil plane spatial frequencies bigger than the AO Nyquist one are filtered out, as well as the residual halo in the image is dimmed.

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“…each waveguide is unique and not simply a mirror of any other) [12]. The first generation device is depicted in figure 2(a).…”

Section: Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and challenges with the Dragonfly instrument; an integratedphotonic pupil-remapping interferometer

Jovanović

Tuthill

Norris

et al. 2012

Optical and Infrared Interferometry III

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High contrast imaging techniques such as aperture masking interferometry allow for the detection of faint companions such as substellar companions by utilizing light from the planet itself. This allows access to study a larger population of planetary companions as compared to the transit technique where only systems viewed edge on can be studied, for example. However, aperture masking has several shortcomings including, low throughputs, limited Fourier coverage, and leakage of residual atmospheric noise due to phase corrugations across each sub-apertures. These limitations can be overcome by remapping the pupil with single-mode waveguides. We present an integrated pupil remapping interferometer, known as Dragonfly, that aims to do just that. We discuss the progress we have made over the past year in developing a stable and robust instrument and elucidate challenges and the innovative solutions that were applied. Finally we discuss improvements to the instrument that will enable future scientific endeavors and outline the expected performance limitations.

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Design of optically path-length-matched, three-dimensional photonic circuits comprising uniquely routed waveguides

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

Discretized aperture mapping with a micro-lenses array for interferometric direct imaging

Progress and challenges with the Dragonfly instrument; an integratedphotonic pupil-remapping interferometer

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