“…zero) in the landscapes defined by the test functions. The FA variants implemented for performance comparison include Opposition and Dimensional based modified FA (ODFA) (Verma et al, 2016), CFA (Kazem et al, 2013), LSFA (Alweshah and Abdullah, 2015), SFA (Alweshah and Abdullah, 2015), NaFA (Wang et al, 2017), and HFDE (Dash et al, 2017). The classical search methods included for comparison are FA, SA, Bat Swarm Optimization (BSO), CS, PSO, Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) (Mirjalili, 2016a) and ALO (Mirjalili, 2015a).…”