Design of multiband fractal antenna loaded with parasitic elements for gain enhancement

Abstract

In this article, a multiband fractal antenna loaded with parasitic elements for gain enhancement is reported. The proposed radiator has a nested hexagonal loop with an opening at the top. The three hexagonal open loops with a small hexagonal radiator at the center, is fed with a microstrip line. The proposed design composed of parasitic elements to enhance the gain of the antenna. By loading two parasitic elements in the opening of the antenna, gain performance improved by 2 dB at each resonant frequency which are 2.07, 3.73, and 4.96 GHz. The proposed antenna is covering an impedance matching less than −10 dB in the frequency bands of (1.96-2.22) GHz, (3.51-3.91) GHz, and (4.78-5.26) GHz which are supported for LTE, 5G and WLAN applications. An omnidirectional radiation pattern in both E-plane and H-plane at all three resonant frequencies is observed. The overall size of the fabricated antenna has a dimension of 37 mm × 28 mm × 1.6 mm, which is fabricated on FR-4 laminate. A very high correlation is observed between the simulated and measured characteristics.

Analysis and Design of a High Gain Multiband Antenna Based on Metamaterials for RFID Applications

“…However, only a dual band can be achieved that can cover only one wireless application, so an extra space is needed to add a new radiating element. This technique could be improved by combining the parasitic elements [21][22][23] with a modified antenna. Although these structures are useful for WLAN/WiMAX with a sim-ple and compact size, they do not cover the UHF RFID band.…”

Miniaturized six‐ring elliptical monopole‐based MIMO antenna for ultrawideband applications

“…Therefore, special emphasis is placed on incessant developments to overcome these drawbacks. Various techniques have been proposed to improve the bandwidth performances of these antennas, such as the application of the defected ground structure (DGS), 1–3 the introduction of metamaterials, 4 the use of parasitic elements, 5,6 slots etching in the patch, 7 fractals, 8 and multidielectric resonators technology 9 …”

“…Therefore, special emphasis is placed on incessant developments to overcome these drawbacks. Various techniques have been proposed to improve the bandwidth performances of these antennas, such as the application of the defected ground structure (DGS), [1][2][3] the introduction of metamaterials, 4 the use of parasitic elements, 5,6 slots etching in the patch, 7 fractals, 8 and multidielectric resonators technology. 9 In parallel with the advancements of wireless communications, wideband and ultrawideband technologies were assigned by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) in 2002 for ultrawideband applications 10 and have received extensive attention for providing an extremely wideband spectrum for unlicensed usage and offered higher data transmission capabilities and multichannel connectivity.…”

Coaxial Pin-fed Multiband Fractal Square Antenna for Satellite Applications

“…[7,8] exhibit metamaterial-based multiband antennas comprising complementary split-ring resonators. A multiband antenna that is loaded with parasitic components is presented in [9]. The radiator has a loop of nested hexagons with a top opening.…”