Design of multi-band multi-section transmission line transformer using particle swarm optimization

Markov Chain and Adaptive Parameter Selection on Particle Swarm Optimizer

“…is a linearly decreasing function of r from around 1.0 to 0.4 [6,12,14,18,19,24], or a exponentially decreasing function of r [15], while some treat as constant throughout the iteration process between 0.5 and 1 [7,13,21]. Among others, in [8]ω is a linearly increasing function of r .…”

“…Since the conditional probability in the formula is independent of t , i.e. the resulting conditional probability for different in (18) the iteration number r (or equivalently, t ) may be very large, while the present achievement is poor (for example, just like a new beginner), then the efforts done before will be almost in vain.…”

Design and Analysis of Dual-Frequency Modified 3-Way Bagley Power Dividers

“…In this regard, multi-frequency transmission line transformers (TLTs) have been reported in literature [1][2][3][4]. In [1], closed form design equations for the dual-frequency TLT were presented.…”

“…Tri-frequency and quadfrequency TLTs were reported in [2,3], respectively. Furthermore, the general design of multi-frequency TLTs for arbitrary number of operating frequencies was presented in [4]. On the other hand, other dual-frequency matching networks, namely T-shaped and π-shaped matching networks were presented in [5,6].…”

Design Methodology of Multi-Frequency Unequal Split Wilkinson Power Dividers Using Transmission Line Transformers

“…Based on Parad's theory [13], the even-odd mode analysis can be adapted to carry out the analysis. When two signals are applied at the output ports 2 and 3, with same amplitude and phase (even mode), the circuit can be modeled as two separate transmission line transformers [14], and the isolation resistors are open circuited as shown in Figure 2. This mode can be used to find the characteristic impedances and electrical lengths of the TLTs by imposing the matching condition at the input or output ports.…”