Design of monopiles for offshore and nearshore wind turbines in seismically liquefiable soils: Methodology and validation

Strategy of scaled modeling for underwater shaking table tests on cylindrical marine structures under coupled earthquake and wave–current action: A review

“…With regard to investigations on the failure process of the structures, the material nonlinearity of the structures is fully developed and thus the tangent modulus (E t ) is substantially reduced, which resulted in decreasing elastic restoring force and amplified effects of gravity. 83 For UST model tests, considering that the gravity acceleration (g) for the model and prototype is consistent, Equation ( 4) can be simplified into Equation (5). It can be seen from the equation that the gravity similitude criterion requests a strict relationship between S l and S t but relaxes the requirements for the model material.…”

Hazard considerations in the vulnerability assessment of offshore wind farms in seismic zones

“…7 Copyright 2021, published by MDPI mechanisms such as overall settlement, excessive rotation, and increased period of the system. Further details can be found in Amani et al 10 Lombardi and Bhattacharya 11 and Bhattacharya et al 6,12…”

Offshore Wind Farms as Additional Coolant Power Sources to Enhance Seismic Resilience of Nuclear Power Plants– a Case Study

“…Figure 6 (b) briefs the effects of liquefaction on pile foundations represented as SDOF system wherein it can be noted that due to such flexible system, OWTs response fall in the category of displacement sensitive zone (Z3) avoiding the acceleration and velocity sensitive zones (Lombardi et al 2014). While the OWTs do come with such beneficial nature, their overall stability against the indirect seismic effects (such as liquefaction) is not comprehensively investigated till date (Amani et al 2022). Considering such beneficial seismic performance of OWTs, Bhattacharya and Goda (2016) proposed the integration of seismic resilient and robust offshore power to enhance the emergency backup power sources of NPPs in case of cascading impacts.…”

“…Traditionally, complex continuum approaches (Patra et al 2022) or simplified Winkler approaches (Arany et al 2017;Demirci et al 2022. ) 2016) is preferred to account for soil softening during liquefaction (Bhattacharya et al 2021 andAmani et al 2022). Any structural program (e.g., SAP2000) can be used to perform nonlinear dynamic analysis using multi-support excitation (Dammala et al 2017b and 2019) approach using the displacement time histories obtained from nonlinear GRA.…”

“…The integrated seismic analysis of OWT monopile involve three major interdependent steps as listed in Figure9. Similar strategy has been employed byDammala et al (2017) for caisson-supported bridge andAmani et al (2022) for OWT monopile.Primary step is the seismic hazard assessment (SHA) of the site involving identification of seismic sources (seismic faults if any), past seismic history and establishing required design parameters (such as design ground motions, expected Moment Magnitude-Mw and Peak Bed Rock Acceleration-PBRA) through performing DSHA (Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis) or PSHA (Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis)(Kramer 1996;Boore 2003). Next step is to perform site-specific ground response analysis (GRA) to assess the impact of the expected earthquake on the soil deposit.…”