“…When the linear dimension of the line segment is doubled, then it can be observed that the characteristic size i.e. length of the line is also doubled [20].…”
Section: Fig25: the Multiple Iteration Steps Of Sierpinski Gasketmentioning
his paper primarily focuses on various fractal geometries and their applications to antenna designs. Several natures inspired and human inspired fractal geometries are presented one by one. Their importance and design procedure are also briefly discussed. The dimensions of such fractal geometries are found using their mathematical modeling. Considering modeling and their corresponding shapes various low profiles, low cost, small size and, light weight antenna designs for various wireless applications are described. The broadband, wideband, and multiband nature of the design due to fractal application are discussed. Finally advantages, disadvantages, major applications, and future scope of such fractal geometries are mentioned.
“…When the linear dimension of the line segment is doubled, then it can be observed that the characteristic size i.e. length of the line is also doubled [20].…”
Section: Fig25: the Multiple Iteration Steps Of Sierpinski Gasketmentioning
his paper primarily focuses on various fractal geometries and their applications to antenna designs. Several natures inspired and human inspired fractal geometries are presented one by one. Their importance and design procedure are also briefly discussed. The dimensions of such fractal geometries are found using their mathematical modeling. Considering modeling and their corresponding shapes various low profiles, low cost, small size and, light weight antenna designs for various wireless applications are described. The broadband, wideband, and multiband nature of the design due to fractal application are discussed. Finally advantages, disadvantages, major applications, and future scope of such fractal geometries are mentioned.
“…This leads to development of multi-band antennas, where lower as well as higher frequencies can be used simultaneously. Various research papers have reported about dual band antennas that are suitable for above mentioned application [19] [20]. The ISM standard has the advantage of allowing wireless connection between a base transceiver station and thousands of subscribers without requiring the subscriber to be in a direct line of sight with the station, called non line of sight communication [NLOS].…”
“…In these days, attraction towards high‐speed devices is increasing at a high rate. Therefore, it has become necessary to design highly effective antenna for a wireless communication system, as antenna is an important component of this system . The microstrip patch elements are useful antennas working at microwave frequencies.…”
This paper deals with the development of a virtual instrument for fault diagnosis in fractal antenna array using Lab-VIEW software. Faults in antenna array are considered on the basis of the radiation pattern. In this study, theta and gain values of radiation patterns for each fault are used in Lab-VIEW for curve fitting. An artificial neural network (ANN) has been developed for fitted data points using the Leavenberg Marquard algorithm in MATLAB software and mean square error (MSE) is minimized. The designed ANN model has been embedded in the virtual instrument. The proposed virtual instrument system gets test patterns as input and generates output for several faults present in antenna array. Simulated and measured results of the fractal antenna array are validated experimentally. This virtual instrument model has not been developed for fractal antenna array so far. K E Y W O R D S antenna array, radiation pattern, curve fitting, artificial neural model, virtual instrument
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