Design of Mach-Zehnder interferometer and ring resonator for biochemical sensing

Abstract

Abstract:We proposed a compact design of an optical biochemical sensor based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), which was coupled by a ring resonator (RR) as a sensing tool. The sensor sensitivity has been determined by power difference at the output ports. The sensor enhancement has been optimized by numerically evaluating the geometrical parameters of the MZI and RR. A great sensor sensitivity depicted by Fano resonance characteristic has been demonstrated as a function of the round trip phase in the range of 4×10 -4 -4×10 -4 , which was changed by the presence of the sample solution in the sensing area. This optimum sensitivity has been obtained for the values of two coupling coefficients of the MZI 1 2 0.5 / mm κ κ = = and the coupling coefficient between the MZI arm and RR 0.5 / mm.Furthermore, a good profile of sensitivity exchange has been exhibited by inducing the direct current voltage to the coupling region of R κ . Finally, the output power transmission of the ring-coupled arm was depicted as a function of tunable .

Optical Transition Rates in a Cylindrical Quantum Wire with an Inverse Parabolic Potential

“…Now, for circularly polarized light incident along the axis of the core, = (0,0, ) and ̂ • = ( ± ), where the + (-) is for right (left) circular polarization. The matrix elements are evaluated as follows (8) where 9is the so-called interaction integral and = / . In the last expression, the identity: = [�( − )r]/( ℏ), in the Heisenberg equations of motion for operators, has been used [19].…”

“…These quantum structures can be employed to realize a plethora of devices which utilize different properties of the quantum structures to perform various functions. The numerous device applications extend over a wide range of fields including biochemical sensing, medicine, energy generation and optoelectronics [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The celerity of operation and efficiencies of photonic devices, in particular, depend on optical transition rates of the constituent quantum structures.…”

Porous Silicon Based Bragg-Grating Resonator for Refractive Index Biosensor

“…The attached molecule alters the refractive index of the surface layer that changes the optical characteristics of the propagated signal [1][2][3]. In the last decade, several label-free biosensors based on the ring resonators, Bragg-grating resonators, slot waveguide, photonic crystal cavities, interferometer, and surface-plasmon-resonance were developed [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Most of these sensors utilize the planar strip and rib waveguide for device configuration that makes use of the evanescent field for detection.…”

“…The advantage of the proposed sensor is its planar structure. The bends in other resonating devices such as the ring resonator or disk resonator is accompanied by the additional bending losses and requires a larger surface area in the substrate [5,7]. Moreover, a planar strip waveguide in the structure is used that requires only single etching process for a fabrication purposes; hence, it significantly reduces the complexity incurred by the multilayer Bragg filters [15].…”

Light propagation in strip and slot waveguide arrays for sensing

“…1 . More recently, chip-scale photonic devices have also been used in such applications 2 , including localized surface plasma [3][4][5] , photonic crystals [6][7][8] , micro-cavities 9,10 , waveguides [11][12][13][14] , interferometers [15][16][17] , and nano-fibers [18][19][20][21] . The intrinsic mechanism of RI sensor is detecting the parameters which are determined by diffraction characteristics changing due to the varieties of cladding RI of sensors.…”