Design of Low Sar Planar Monopole Antenna for Mobile Wireless Communication Applications

Elsheakh, Dalia M.; Abdallah, Esmat A.

doi:10.2528/pierm12121504

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Yet it was progressively realized that modeling SAR values with precision at small distances from the head (in the near field) and in proximity to complex layers of biological tissues is difficult and carries an uncertainty of at least 25% [ 103 ]. Most notably, SAR decreases by at least 12.5%/mm for very short distances as a cell phone is moved away [ 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 ]. Antenna designs and placements within the phone influence SAR, as antennas that radiate power over larger areas [ 108 ] or are remotely positioned [ 109 ] produce lower SARs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Phone Radiation Exposure Limits and Engineering Solutions

Héroux

Belyaev

Chamberlin

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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In the 1990s, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) restricted its risk assessment for human exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) in seven ways: (1) Inappropriate focus on heat, ignoring sub-thermal effects. (2) Reliance on exposure experiments performed over very short times. (3) Overlooking time/amplitude characteristics of RFR signals. (4) Ignoring carcinogenicity, hypersensitivity, and other health conditions connected with RFR. (5) Measuring cellphone Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) at arbitrary distances from the head. (6) Averaging SAR doses at volumetric/mass scales irrelevant to health. (7) Using unrealistic simulations for cell phone SAR estimations. Low-cost software and hardware modifications are proposed here for cellular phone RFR exposure mitigation: (1) inhibiting RFR emissions in contact with the body, (2) use of antenna patterns reducing the Percent of Power absorbed in the Head (PPHead) and body and increasing the Percent of Power Radiated for communications (PPR), and (3) automated protocol-based reductions of the number of RFR emissions, their duration, or integrated dose. These inexpensive measures do not fundamentally alter cell phone functions or communications quality. A health threat is scientifically documented at many levels and acknowledged by industries. Yet mitigation of RFR exposures to users does not appear as a priority with most cell phone manufacturers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Phone Radiation Exposure Limits and Engineering Solutions

Héroux

Belyaev

Chamberlin

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…Meander lines help in reducing the size of the antenna and in also reducing SAR of the antenna [9]. Patch antennas with low SAR are designed and simulated by etching meander lines [10,11]. Patch antenna with low SAR is proposed in [12,13].…”

Section: Existing Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna u sing ANSYS

Sujatha*,

Saidivya,

Kauser

2019

IJEAT

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This paper presents the design and simulation of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with enhanced results. Antennas are playing the most important key role in wireless communication systems and especially microstrip patch antenna is the simplest and best form for mobile communication systems. Therefore, the design of antenna for mobile satellite communication and space to earth communication is described in this proposed work. The working of rectangular micro strip patch antenna is studied and the effect of height of the substrate on antenna performance is analyzed and the results are plotted. It has been noticed that the height of substrate should be neither small nor large. The effect of inserting a slot in the patch is also observed in this paper. Return Loss results are plotted for the designed structure and it is noticed that return loss is almost doubled by inserting a slot. Further two symmetrical slots are inserted in the patch and the respective results are plotted. Insertion of two slots gave multiple operating frequencies to the antenna with a compromise of s11. The simulation of proposed structures of antennas is done using ANSYS HFSS (high-frequency structure simulator) which is commercially used as a finite element method solver for electromagnetic structures. A sphere with human brain characteristics is created and average SAR (specific absorption ratio) is plotted on the head model. The proposed antenna has enhanced return loss of -52dB and VSWR of 1.005 at 2.24GHz. This work also introduces multiple operating frequencies using two slots of same size.

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Design of Low Sar Planar Monopole Antenna for Mobile Wireless Communication Applications

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Cell Phone Radiation Exposure Limits and Engineering Solutions

Cell Phone Radiation Exposure Limits and Engineering Solutions

Simulation of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna u sing ANSYS

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