Design of Iron oxide-based Nanoparticles for MRI and Magnetic Hyperthermia

Abstract

Iron oxide nanoparticles are widely used for biological applications thanks to their outstanding balance between magnetic properties, surface-to-volume ratio suitable for efficient functionalization and proven biocompatibility. Their development for MRI or magnetic particle hyperthermia concentrates much of the attention as these nanomaterials are already used within the health system as contrast agents and heating mediators. As such, the constant improvement and development for better and more reliable materials is of key importance. On this basis, this review aims to cover the rational design of iron oxide nanoparticles to be used as MRI contrast agents or heating mediators in magnetic hyperthermia, and reviews the state of the art of their use as nanomedicine tools.

Effect of the Functionalization Process on the Colloidal, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Bioelimination Properties of Mono‐ or Bisphosphonate‐Anchored Dendronized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

“…The longitudinal r 1 and transverse r 2 relaxivities are given in Table and compared with those of commercial products and of 10 nm NPs dendronized with ANACOOH . To be used as T 2 contrast agents, the NPs have to display both a high transverse relaxivity r 2 and a high ratio of r 2 / r 1 . The values, determined at 0.47 and 1.5 T (Figure S11 in the Supporting Information), for both dendronized NPs are in agreement with values reported for commercial products or published NPs displaying similar hydrodynamic size.…”

Nanocomposite Polymer Scaffolds Responding under External Stimuli for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering Applications

“…Superparamagnetic IO NPs were commercially used as T 2 contrast agents for MRI and are also developed for a localized therapy achieved by magnetic hyperthermia (MH) . The principle of MH is to submit suspensions of magnetic NPs having suitable magnetic properties to an AMF with given amplitude and frequency.…”

“…The term specific loss power is considered as more accurate than specific absorption rate since it figures out better the idea of a stored magnetic power released into a thermal power. SAR or SLP (in W g −1 ) values are highly dependent of the intrinsic features of the NPs (structure and composition) and also on extrinsic parameters such as the frequency ( f ) and the amplitude of the magnetic field ( H ) . For superparamagnetic NPs, SAR/SLP values usually increase with the frequency or the magnetic field amplitude applied.…”

“…Therefore, the incorporation of NPs within the scaffold could help solve the mechanical stability issue . Moreover, iron oxide, gold, or carbon‐based NPs render the composite materials responsive to a wide range of external stimuli such as magnetic field, infrared light, or electric field . For instance, the application of magnetic or photonic stimuli to the NPs embedded in the scaffold could result in local heating of the polymer matrix.…”

Iron oxide nanoparticles decrease nuclear fractal dimension of buccal epithelial cells in a time‐dependent manner

“…In biomedicine, it was shown that IONPs have great potential as part of drug delivery systems for specific targeting of pathologically altered cells and tissues (Chertok et al, 2008;Sathish Kumar & Jaikumar, 2011;Unterweger et al, 2015;Hola et al, 2015). Also, IONPs might be useful in hyperthermia-based cancer treatment Cassim et al, 2009;Blanco-Andujar et al, 2016). Magnetic hyperthermia, induced by heating iron oxide using alternating high frequency magnetic field, can in some cases successfully damage tumour cells.…”