Design of immunoprobes for electrochemical multiplexed tumor marker detection

Abstract

Many approaches have been developed for simultaneous detection of multiple tumor markers. Among these approaches, the electrochemical immunoassay has the advantage of high sensitivity and specificity and could be easily expanded into multiplex detection platform. For the simultaneous multianalyte electrochemical immunosensor, performance is closely related with the characteristics of the immunoprobes and substrate. In order to construct a multilabeled immunoprobe platform, the most important issue is how to discriminate each signal for each analyte from the multiple antigen-antibody reactions. Currently, enzyme-based, noble metal nanomaterials, carbonmaterials and polymer-based nanomaterial immunoprobes have been used for dual- or three-analyte detections. However, there are still some challenges in developing sensitive method to detect three or more tumor markers owing to the lack of redox-active species that can produce three or more distinctive peaks. Additionally, for the immunosensing substrate, good conductivity, high specific surface area and good biocompatibility are further necessities.

Electrochemiluminescent Imaging for Multi-immunoassay Sensitized by Dual DNA Amplification of Polymer Dot Signal

“…Under optimal conditions, the immunosensors array was used for ECL imaging of three proteins, CEA, CY211, and NSE, as a lung cancer-specific biomarker panel. , The ECL brightness increased with the increasing protein concentration, while the array showed extremely low background (Figure A). The plots of ECL intensity integrated from the marked area vs the logarithm of protein concentration showed good linearity in the concentration range of 1 pg mL –1 to 500 ng mL –1 with the correlation coefficients of 0.9956, 0.9950, and 0.9957, respectively (Figure B–D).…”

“…Although the RCA and ECR have been well-known for signal amplification, here the RCA reaction triggered linear periodic assembly of a large number of Pdots-DNA1 , on immunosensors array and then the Exonuclease III (Exo III) catalyzed release of the Pdots into detection solution, leading to greatly amplified “Off-On” signal to achieve the powerful ECL imaging with Pdots as the emitter. The practicability of the ECL imaging method for screening of cancer diseases was demonstrated with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin-19-fragment (CY211), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as a specific biomarker panel for lung cancer . The excellent performance of the proposed ECL imaging array along with the dual DNA amplification strategy and high ECL efficiency of PFBT Pdots for the multi-immunoassay of three protein biomarkers in clinical serum samples indicated its promising application in clinical diagnosis and cancer screening.…”

Electrochemical Signal Substance for Multiplexed Immunosensing Interface Construction: A Mini Review

“…Metal ions possess good electrochemical redox activity, which makes them ideal materials as electrochemical signal substances [ 56 , 57 ]. With the advantages of easy accessibility and generated sharp electrochemical signal peaks, metal ions like silver ions, copper(II) ions, lead(II) ions usually serve as the excellent labels to indicate the content of multiple biomarkers [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]. Our group has come up with a method based on the chip-like GCE composed of three electrodes connected in a parallel for simultaneous detection [ 43 ].…”

High Sensitive Immunoelectrochemical Measurement of Lung Cancer Tumor Marker ProGRP Based on TiO2-Au Nanocomposite

“…Around the world, studies have been carried out for the development and the improvement of clinical bioassays via affordable and portable diagnostic apparatuses [3,4,5,6]. It is essential for the protein biomarkers to be detected quantitively and sensitively, since their detection is significant across many fields, including biomedical research and diagnostics [7], systems biology [8] and proteomics [9]. Traditional methods of protein detection are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) [10], radioimmunoassay (RIA) [11], electrophoretic immunoassay [12] and mass spectrometry-based proteomics [13].…”